【摘要】：FAST(Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope)是500米口徑球冠狀射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡,是世界上正在計(jì)劃及建造中最大的單體射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡,開(kāi)創(chuàng)了建造巨型射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡的新模式。反射面結(jié)構(gòu)是FAST最主要部分,其本質(zhì)上是一個(gè)輕型的跨度超大、形式復(fù)雜、形狀實(shí)時(shí)可調(diào)的高精度索網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)。歷經(jīng)13年的預(yù)研究,在結(jié)構(gòu)方案、形態(tài)優(yōu)化、變位策略等方面取得了豐碩成果。然而在前期研究中未曾深入研究的,但是對(duì)FAST將來(lái)的建造、運(yùn)行以及維護(hù)有著重要影響的結(jié)構(gòu)安全與精度控制關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題,仍亟待研究和解決。這些問(wèn)題的研究不僅在FAST項(xiàng)目建設(shè)中有著迫切的需求,而且在類(lèi)似巨型射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡結(jié)構(gòu)中也幾乎處于空白階段,沒(méi)有參考依據(jù),因而有著廣泛應(yīng)用前景,具有明確的工程應(yīng)用價(jià)值和理論創(chuàng)新意義。本文進(jìn)行了如下幾方面的工作: 1、FAST日照非均勻溫度場(chǎng)模擬及效應(yīng)分析 綜合考慮了太陽(yáng)輻射作用、陰影遮擋、空氣對(duì)流換熱等多種影響因素,建立了FAST真實(shí)環(huán)境下的結(jié)構(gòu)溫度場(chǎng)數(shù)值模型,其中,提出了復(fù)雜地形下FAST反射面結(jié)構(gòu)日照陰影分析方法;采用時(shí)程分析方法,計(jì)算了FAST反射面結(jié)構(gòu)日照非均勻溫度場(chǎng),在此基礎(chǔ)上,分析了日照溫度場(chǎng)對(duì)不同位置拋物面的面形擬合均方根RMS(Root Mean Square)的影響規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明該影響不容忽視,依據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)特性和結(jié)構(gòu)日照溫度場(chǎng)特性,提出了日照作用下反射面面形精度RMS值的有效調(diào)控方法。 2、FAST結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)敏感性分析 總結(jié)分析了目前各種參數(shù)敏感性分析方法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),針對(duì)FAST反射面結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),提出基于隨機(jī)抽樣和相關(guān)性的參數(shù)敏感性分析方法,其中,引入了拉丁超立方抽樣方法和線(xiàn)性相關(guān)系數(shù)顯著性檢驗(yàn)方法,解決了敏感性分析時(shí)由于大規(guī)模結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的隨機(jī)抽樣和矩陣運(yùn)算而導(dǎo)致的計(jì)算困難問(wèn)題;依據(jù)實(shí)際情況建立了各結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的概率統(tǒng)計(jì)模型,應(yīng)用本文方法進(jìn)行了大量計(jì)算,得出了各結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)隨機(jī)誤差對(duì)反射面面形精度RMS值的影響規(guī)律。依據(jù)敏感性分析結(jié)果,提出了結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)精度控制建議。 3、FAST結(jié)構(gòu)變位疲勞性能研究 針對(duì)FAST長(zhǎng)時(shí)巡天跟蹤觀(guān)測(cè)和隨機(jī)獨(dú)立跟蹤觀(guān)測(cè)的工作方式,對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)變位疲勞壽命需求進(jìn)行了分析,提出了長(zhǎng)期變位疲勞應(yīng)力的計(jì)算方法,并基于MATLAB和ANSYS軟件編制了相應(yīng)程序,提出了疲勞全壽命應(yīng)力歷程的等效簡(jiǎn)化方法,編制了隨機(jī)、變幅應(yīng)力歷程的實(shí)時(shí)雨流計(jì)數(shù)程序,基于S-N試驗(yàn)曲線(xiàn)和Miner線(xiàn)性累積損傷準(zhǔn)則,對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)變位疲勞壽命進(jìn)行了數(shù)值計(jì)算,獲得了疲勞壽命統(tǒng)計(jì)分布和疲勞危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域。研究表明:考慮安全系數(shù)2.0后,FAST結(jié)構(gòu)變位疲勞壽命仍滿(mǎn)足要求。最后進(jìn)行了鋼絞線(xiàn)和鋼拉桿的疲勞試驗(yàn)。 4、FAST結(jié)構(gòu)故障診斷與安全評(píng)定 依據(jù)FAST反射面結(jié)構(gòu)特性及其主動(dòng)變位工作方式,提出結(jié)構(gòu)失效故障的三種基本模式,并針對(duì)性地提出了結(jié)構(gòu)故障診斷方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了結(jié)構(gòu)故障位置的在線(xiàn)診斷和失效單元的離線(xiàn)診斷,針對(duì)反映結(jié)構(gòu)安全狀態(tài)的兩個(gè)主要指標(biāo)——結(jié)構(gòu)剩余疲勞壽命與結(jié)構(gòu)靜力安全儲(chǔ)備,提出了結(jié)構(gòu)安全評(píng)定方法;基于MATLAB和ANSYS軟件編制相應(yīng)程序,進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬分析,驗(yàn)證了本文所提方法的有效性。 5、FAST結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)的開(kāi)發(fā)與集成 針對(duì)FAST反射面結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),提出了系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成、功能和監(jiān)測(cè)內(nèi)容;對(duì)各類(lèi)傳感器進(jìn)行優(yōu)化選型和測(cè)點(diǎn)優(yōu)化布置,對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)采集硬件合理選型并提出了傳輸布線(xiàn)方案;綜合利用LabVIEW、MATLAB、ANSYS、Delphi等軟件平臺(tái),編制結(jié)構(gòu)變位分析、結(jié)構(gòu)故障診斷與安全評(píng)定等的核心模塊,開(kāi)發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)了FAST結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測(cè)集成軟件系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)了其自動(dòng)化、可視化功能。其中,監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)已在FAST 30m模型張拉成形試驗(yàn)中得到應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:FAST (Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope) is a 500-meter spherical coronal radio telescope. It is the largest single radio telescope being planned and constructed in the world. It initiates a new mode of building giant radio telescopes. The reflector structure is the most important part of FAST, and it is essentially a light-weight, super-large-span, shape and shape. After 13 years of preliminary research, great achievements have been made in structural scheme, shape optimization and positioning strategy. However, no in-depth study has been made in the previous studies, but the key issues of structural safety and precision control which have important influence on the future construction, operation and maintenance of FAST are also discussed. The research on these problems is not only in urgent need in FAST project construction, but also in the blank stage of similar giant radio telescope structure, without reference basis. Therefore, it has broad application prospects and has clear engineering application value and theoretical innovation significance. Several aspects of work:
1, simulation and effect analysis of FAST inhomogeneity temperature field
Considering the solar radiation, shadow shielding, air convection and other factors, a numerical model of the structure temperature field in the real environment of FAST is established, in which the sunshine shadow analysis method of FAST reflector structure under complex terrain is proposed, and the sunshine non-uniform temperature field of FAST reflector structure is calculated by time history analysis method. On this basis, the influence of the sunshine temperature field on the root mean square (RMS) fitting of parabolic surfaces at different locations is analyzed. The results show that the influence can not be ignored. According to the structural characteristics and the characteristics of the structural sunshine temperature field, an effective control method for the RMS value of the reflector shape accuracy under sunshine is proposed.
2, sensitivity analysis of FAST structure parameters.
The advantages and disadvantages of various parameter sensitivity analysis methods are summarized and analyzed. According to the structural characteristics of FAST reflector, a parameter sensitivity analysis method based on random sampling and correlation is proposed. Latin hypercube sampling method and linear correlation coefficient significance test method are introduced to solve the problem of large-scale knot in sensitivity analysis. According to the actual situation, the probabilistic and statistical models of the structural parameters are established, and the influence of the random errors of the structural parameters on the RMS value of the reflector surface shape accuracy is obtained by using this method. Parameter accuracy control proposal.
3, fatigue performance of FAST structure.
Aiming at the working mode of FAST long-term patrol observation and random independent tracking observation, the requirement of structural dislocation fatigue life is analyzed, the calculation method of long-term dislocation fatigue stress is put forward, the corresponding program is compiled based on MATLAB and ANSYS software, the equivalent simplified method of fatigue life stress history is put forward, and the stochastic method is compiled. Based on S-N test curve and Miner linear cumulative damage criterion, the statistical distribution of fatigue life and fatigue hazard zone are obtained. The results show that the fatigue life of FAST structure is still satisfied after considering the safety factor 2.0. The fatigue tests of steel strands and steel rods are carried out.
4, FAST structure fault diagnosis and safety assessment.
According to the structural characteristics of FAST reflector and its active positioning mode, three basic failure modes of structure are proposed, and the method of structural fault diagnosis is put forward. The on-line fault diagnosis of structure and the off-line fault diagnosis of failure unit are realized. The two main indexes reflecting the safety state of structure, namely structural residual, are pointed out. The fatigue life and the static safety reserve of the structure are studied, and the structural safety assessment method is proposed. The corresponding program is compiled based on MATLAB and ANSYS software, and the numerical simulation analysis is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
5, the development and integration of FAST structural health monitoring system.
According to the structure characteristics of FAST reflector, the system structure, function and monitoring content are put forward; all kinds of sensors are optimized for selection and layout of measurement points; the data acquisition hardware is reasonably selected and the transmission wiring scheme is put forward; the software platforms such as LabVIEW, MATLAB, ANSYS and Delphi are comprehensively used to compile structural displacement analysis, structural fault diagnosis and distribution. The integrated software system for health monitoring of FAST structure has been developed and designed, and its automation and visualization functions have been realized. The monitoring system has been applied in the tension forming test of FAST 30m model.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P111.44

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