【摘要】：FAST(Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope)是500米口徑球冠狀射電望遠鏡,是世界上正在計劃及建造中最大的單體射電望遠鏡,開創(chuàng)了建造巨型射電望遠鏡的新模式。反射面結構是FAST最主要部分,其本質上是一個輕型的跨度超大、形式復雜、形狀實時可調的高精度索網(wǎng)結構。歷經(jīng)13年的預研究,在結構方案、形態(tài)優(yōu)化、變位策略等方面取得了豐碩成果。然而在前期研究中未曾深入研究的,但是對FAST將來的建造、運行以及維護有著重要影響的結構安全與精度控制關鍵問題,仍亟待研究和解決。這些問題的研究不僅在FAST項目建設中有著迫切的需求,而且在類似巨型射電望遠鏡結構中也幾乎處于空白階段,沒有參考依據(jù),因而有著廣泛應用前景,具有明確的工程應用價值和理論創(chuàng)新意義。本文進行了如下幾方面的工作: 1、FAST日照非均勻溫度場模擬及效應分析 綜合考慮了太陽輻射作用、陰影遮擋、空氣對流換熱等多種影響因素,建立了FAST真實環(huán)境下的結構溫度場數(shù)值模型,其中,提出了復雜地形下FAST反射面結構日照陰影分析方法;采用時程分析方法,計算了FAST反射面結構日照非均勻溫度場,在此基礎上,分析了日照溫度場對不同位置拋物面的面形擬合均方根RMS(Root Mean Square)的影響規(guī)律。結果表明該影響不容忽視,依據(jù)結構特性和結構日照溫度場特性,提出了日照作用下反射面面形精度RMS值的有效調控方法。 2、FAST結構參數(shù)敏感性分析 總結分析了目前各種參數(shù)敏感性分析方法的優(yōu)缺點,針對FAST反射面結構特點,提出基于隨機抽樣和相關性的參數(shù)敏感性分析方法,其中,引入了拉丁超立方抽樣方法和線性相關系數(shù)顯著性檢驗方法,解決了敏感性分析時由于大規(guī)模結構參數(shù)的隨機抽樣和矩陣運算而導致的計算困難問題;依據(jù)實際情況建立了各結構參數(shù)的概率統(tǒng)計模型,應用本文方法進行了大量計算,得出了各結構參數(shù)隨機誤差對反射面面形精度RMS值的影響規(guī)律。依據(jù)敏感性分析結果,提出了結構參數(shù)精度控制建議。 3、FAST結構變位疲勞性能研究 針對FAST長時巡天跟蹤觀測和隨機獨立跟蹤觀測的工作方式,對結構變位疲勞壽命需求進行了分析,提出了長期變位疲勞應力的計算方法,并基于MATLAB和ANSYS軟件編制了相應程序,提出了疲勞全壽命應力歷程的等效簡化方法,編制了隨機、變幅應力歷程的實時雨流計數(shù)程序,基于S-N試驗曲線和Miner線性累積損傷準則,對結構變位疲勞壽命進行了數(shù)值計算,獲得了疲勞壽命統(tǒng)計分布和疲勞危險區(qū)域。研究表明:考慮安全系數(shù)2.0后,FAST結構變位疲勞壽命仍滿足要求。最后進行了鋼絞線和鋼拉桿的疲勞試驗。 4、FAST結構故障診斷與安全評定 依據(jù)FAST反射面結構特性及其主動變位工作方式,提出結構失效故障的三種基本模式,并針對性地提出了結構故障診斷方法,實現(xiàn)了結構故障位置的在線診斷和失效單元的離線診斷,針對反映結構安全狀態(tài)的兩個主要指標——結構剩余疲勞壽命與結構靜力安全儲備,提出了結構安全評定方法;基于MATLAB和ANSYS軟件編制相應程序,進行了數(shù)值模擬分析,驗證了本文所提方法的有效性。 5、FAST結構健康監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)與集成 針對FAST反射面結構特點,提出了系統(tǒng)構成、功能和監(jiān)測內容;對各類傳感器進行優(yōu)化選型和測點優(yōu)化布置,對數(shù)據(jù)采集硬件合理選型并提出了傳輸布線方案;綜合利用LabVIEW、MATLAB、ANSYS、Delphi等軟件平臺,編制結構變位分析、結構故障診斷與安全評定等的核心模塊,開發(fā)設計了FAST結構健康監(jiān)測集成軟件系統(tǒng),實現(xiàn)了其自動化、可視化功能。其中,監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)已在FAST 30m模型張拉成形試驗中得到應用。
[Abstract]:FAST (Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope) is a 500-meter spherical coronal radio telescope. It is the largest single radio telescope being planned and constructed in the world. It initiates a new mode of building giant radio telescopes. The reflector structure is the most important part of FAST, and it is essentially a light-weight, super-large-span, shape and shape. After 13 years of preliminary research, great achievements have been made in structural scheme, shape optimization and positioning strategy. However, no in-depth study has been made in the previous studies, but the key issues of structural safety and precision control which have important influence on the future construction, operation and maintenance of FAST are also discussed. The research on these problems is not only in urgent need in FAST project construction, but also in the blank stage of similar giant radio telescope structure, without reference basis. Therefore, it has broad application prospects and has clear engineering application value and theoretical innovation significance. Several aspects of work:
1, simulation and effect analysis of FAST inhomogeneity temperature field
Considering the solar radiation, shadow shielding, air convection and other factors, a numerical model of the structure temperature field in the real environment of FAST is established, in which the sunshine shadow analysis method of FAST reflector structure under complex terrain is proposed, and the sunshine non-uniform temperature field of FAST reflector structure is calculated by time history analysis method. On this basis, the influence of the sunshine temperature field on the root mean square (RMS) fitting of parabolic surfaces at different locations is analyzed. The results show that the influence can not be ignored. According to the structural characteristics and the characteristics of the structural sunshine temperature field, an effective control method for the RMS value of the reflector shape accuracy under sunshine is proposed.
2, sensitivity analysis of FAST structure parameters.
The advantages and disadvantages of various parameter sensitivity analysis methods are summarized and analyzed. According to the structural characteristics of FAST reflector, a parameter sensitivity analysis method based on random sampling and correlation is proposed. Latin hypercube sampling method and linear correlation coefficient significance test method are introduced to solve the problem of large-scale knot in sensitivity analysis. According to the actual situation, the probabilistic and statistical models of the structural parameters are established, and the influence of the random errors of the structural parameters on the RMS value of the reflector surface shape accuracy is obtained by using this method. Parameter accuracy control proposal.
3, fatigue performance of FAST structure.
Aiming at the working mode of FAST long-term patrol observation and random independent tracking observation, the requirement of structural dislocation fatigue life is analyzed, the calculation method of long-term dislocation fatigue stress is put forward, the corresponding program is compiled based on MATLAB and ANSYS software, the equivalent simplified method of fatigue life stress history is put forward, and the stochastic method is compiled. Based on S-N test curve and Miner linear cumulative damage criterion, the statistical distribution of fatigue life and fatigue hazard zone are obtained. The results show that the fatigue life of FAST structure is still satisfied after considering the safety factor 2.0. The fatigue tests of steel strands and steel rods are carried out.
4, FAST structure fault diagnosis and safety assessment.
According to the structural characteristics of FAST reflector and its active positioning mode, three basic failure modes of structure are proposed, and the method of structural fault diagnosis is put forward. The on-line fault diagnosis of structure and the off-line fault diagnosis of failure unit are realized. The two main indexes reflecting the safety state of structure, namely structural residual, are pointed out. The fatigue life and the static safety reserve of the structure are studied, and the structural safety assessment method is proposed. The corresponding program is compiled based on MATLAB and ANSYS software, and the numerical simulation analysis is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
5, the development and integration of FAST structural health monitoring system.
According to the structure characteristics of FAST reflector, the system structure, function and monitoring content are put forward; all kinds of sensors are optimized for selection and layout of measurement points; the data acquisition hardware is reasonably selected and the transmission wiring scheme is put forward; the software platforms such as LabVIEW, MATLAB, ANSYS and Delphi are comprehensively used to compile structural displacement analysis, structural fault diagnosis and distribution. The integrated software system for health monitoring of FAST structure has been developed and designed, and its automation and visualization functions have been realized. The monitoring system has been applied in the tension forming test of FAST 30m model.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：P111.44

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