【摘要】：月球作為地球的唯一的衛(wèi)星吸引著人們的目光。關(guān)于月球的起源、地-月起源關(guān)系、甚至宇宙起源國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者眾說(shuō)紛紜。自上世紀(jì)中葉以來(lái)，美國(guó)的阿波羅探月計(jì)劃和緊隨其后的前蘇聯(lián)探月計(jì)劃以及中國(guó)的探月工程計(jì)劃加深了人們對(duì)月球的認(rèn)識(shí)。人們已經(jīng)從最初的天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡觀測(cè)發(fā)展到近距離拍攝月面地貌，最后目標(biāo)是到月球表面實(shí)地取樣以便準(zhǔn)確、科學(xué)的分析研究。關(guān)于月球的認(rèn)識(shí)人們還存在很多疑惑：月表的穹窿構(gòu)造對(duì)我們認(rèn)識(shí)月球構(gòu)造與深層成分信息有哪些啟發(fā)？作為月表的主要線性構(gòu)造，月海海嶺和山脈是否為潮汐力作用的結(jié)果？構(gòu)成月球主要地貌單元的撞擊坑到底能夠給我們提供月殼多大深處的物質(zhì)信息？對(duì)于上述一系列問(wèn)題，人們采用月球物理、月球化學(xué)以及近年來(lái)較熱門的月球影像地質(zhì)學(xué)來(lái)綜合開展研究來(lái)反映月球的構(gòu)造演化歷史。作為月球表面廣泛分布的多世紀(jì)撞擊坑，因其是月球內(nèi)、外力聯(lián)合機(jī)制的構(gòu)造結(jié)果，加之月球表面沒有大氣，，使得研究現(xiàn)有撞擊坑的幾何形狀可以追溯數(shù)億年前其構(gòu)造過(guò)程和成因。為了更科學(xué)、全面地描述月面撞擊坑幾何特征，可以從撞擊坑直徑大小、深度、圓度、坑唇、邊緣清晰度、坑內(nèi)復(fù)雜度六個(gè)方面進(jìn)行描述，采用量化分級(jí)的方法建立分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，將其從離散的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換成具有正態(tài)分布特征的頻率圖，可以更為清晰的反映空間分布規(guī)律和定性質(zhì)量差異，最后結(jié)合現(xiàn)有的月球地質(zhì)圖，對(duì)各月質(zhì)時(shí)代區(qū)域內(nèi)的撞擊坑六位數(shù)因子做統(tǒng)計(jì)分布進(jìn)而得出其統(tǒng)計(jì)頻率圖。通過(guò)得出的統(tǒng)計(jì)頻率圖來(lái)總結(jié)不同月質(zhì)時(shí)代內(nèi)用以反映撞擊坑幾何特征的六位數(shù)因子的分布范圍、變化情況、成因機(jī)制。論文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下： （1）研究嫦娥二號(hào)CCD影像數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理 因嫦娥二號(hào)CCD影像數(shù)據(jù)與其他線陣傳感器和衛(wèi)星傳感器工作原理和成像機(jī)制的不同，須對(duì)其進(jìn)行了細(xì)致的預(yù)處理研究。其中包括影像去噪、壞條帶的去除、光度校正、幾何糾正、影像鑲嵌等。 （2）研究基于嫦娥二號(hào)CCD影像的撞擊坑智能提取 目前對(duì)撞擊坑智能提取有多種方法，文章運(yùn)用面向分類的思想對(duì)撞擊坑進(jìn)行識(shí)別和提取，具體包括圖像增強(qiáng)、影像分割、區(qū)域生長(zhǎng)合并以及后期處理。 （3）研究撞擊坑幾何特征量化分級(jí)描述 其中包括量化分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的建立和撞擊坑幾何特征的描述（撞擊坑直徑大小、深度、圓度、坑唇、邊緣清晰度、坑內(nèi)復(fù)雜度等）六個(gè)描述因子提出的理由以及如何定量劃分等級(jí)描述撞擊坑的幾何特征。 （4）研究撞擊坑幾何特征的時(shí)空分布 其中包括三部分：1）運(yùn)用綜合探測(cè)技術(shù)得到研究區(qū)內(nèi)的月質(zhì)圖；2）描述不同月質(zhì)年代下撞擊坑形態(tài)特征和影像特征及其成因；3）利用ENVI、Erdas、Arcgis和Matlab等遙感圖像圖象處理軟件，統(tǒng)計(jì)分析撞擊坑幾何特征各描述因子的，觀察并總結(jié)撞擊坑的時(shí)空分布格局是否有規(guī)律可循。 建立在上述研究?jī)?nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，本文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)和研究成果如下： 提出了一種基于統(tǒng)計(jì)規(guī)律的用于表述月表撞擊坑幾何特征六個(gè)描述因子的量化分級(jí)方法。對(duì)于離散的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，通過(guò)確定其量化分級(jí)數(shù)量和邊界可以更好的反映其變化趨勢(shì)和離散程度，為進(jìn)一步總結(jié)其時(shí)空分布規(guī)律提供科學(xué)的依據(jù)。 在完成上述創(chuàng)新研究的基礎(chǔ)上，總結(jié)研究區(qū)內(nèi)不同地質(zhì)年代下撞擊坑幾何特征的分布規(guī)律以及成因機(jī)制，為研究月球構(gòu)造演化提供新的思路。
[Abstract]:Since the mid-20th century, the Apollo lunar exploration program in the United States, the Soviet Union lunar exploration program and the Chinese lunar exploration project have deepened people's view of the moon. The understanding of the moon. People have developed from the initial astronomical telescope observations to close-range photography of the lunar landform. The ultimate goal is to sample the lunar surface for accurate and scientific analysis. Some implications? Are lunar seamounts and mountains the result of tidal forces as the main linear structures of the lunar surface? How deep can the craters that make up the main landform units of the moon provide us with material information about the moon's crust? For the above-mentioned series of questions, people use lunar physics, lunar geochemistry and the more popular moon in recent years. As a multi-century impact crater widely distributed on the lunar surface, the study of the geometry of the existing impact craters can be traced back hundreds of millions of years to its tectonic process and formation due to the combination of internal and external forces and the absence of atmosphere on the lunar surface. In order to describe the geometric characteristics of the lunar impact crater more scientifically and comprehensively, the size, depth, roundness, lip, edge clarity, and the complexity of the crater can be described in six aspects. A classification standard is established by using the method of quantification classification, which can be transformed from the discrete statistical data into frequency maps with normal distribution characteristics. Finally, combined with the existing lunar geological maps, the statistical distribution of the six-digit factors of impact craters in different lunar epochs is made and the statistical frequency maps are obtained. The distribution, variation and cause mechanism of digit factor are as follows:
(1) research on preprocessing of Chang e two CCD image data
Because the Chang'e-2 CCD image data is different from other linear array sensors and satellite sensors in working principle and imaging mechanism, it is necessary to carry out detailed pretreatment research, including image denoising, bad stripe removal, photometric correction, geometric correction, image mosaic and so on.
(2) research on intelligent extraction of crater based on Chang e two CCD image.
At present, there are many methods for intelligent extraction of impact craters. In this paper, classification-oriented method is used to recognize and extract impact craters, including image enhancement, image segmentation, region growth and merging, and post-processing.
(3) quantifying and classifying the geometrical characteristics of impact craters.
It includes the establishment of the quantitative classification standard and the description of the geometric characteristics of the impact crater (the size, depth, roundness, lip, edge clarity, complexity of the crater, etc.) of the six descriptive factors and how to quantitatively classify the geometric characteristics of the impact crater.
(4) the temporal and spatial distribution of the geometric characteristics of impact craters.
It includes three parts: 1) obtaining the lunar maps of the study area by comprehensive exploration technology; 2) describing the morphological characteristics and image characteristics of impact craters and their causes in different lunar age; 3) using ENVI, Erdas, Arcgis and Matlab remote sensing image processing software, statistical analysis of the impact crater geometric characteristics of each description factor, observation and summary Are there any rules for the temporal and spatial distribution pattern of craters?
Based on the above research contents, the innovation and research results in this paper are as follows:
A quantitative classification method based on statistical law is proposed to describe six describing factors of the geometric characteristics of the lunar impact crater.
On the basis of the above innovative research, this paper summarizes the distribution regularity and genetic mechanism of the impact crater geometric characteristics in different geological ages in the study area, and provides a new idea for the study of the lunar tectonic evolution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P184.6

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