【摘要】：隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)不斷進(jìn)步人們認(rèn)識(shí)范圍的不斷擴(kuò)大,光電系統(tǒng)作為人們認(rèn)識(shí)宇宙的重要工具,越來(lái)越多得顯示出其重要的地位光學(xué)口徑是衡量光電系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)重要指標(biāo)這是因?yàn)?只有光電系統(tǒng)的口徑大了,光電系統(tǒng)才有更強(qiáng)的集光能力,分辨能力才能得到保障,才能更清晰得觀(guān)測(cè)目標(biāo) 在反射式望遠(yuǎn)鏡中,主鏡作為光學(xué)系統(tǒng)中的主要光學(xué)元件具有很重要的地位其中主鏡的表面精度對(duì)反射式望遠(yuǎn)鏡的影響尤為突出而影響表面精度的因素非常多,主要有加工誤差和支撐結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生的誤差因?yàn)楣鈱W(xué)系統(tǒng)口徑的不斷擴(kuò)大以及不同仰角的觀(guān)測(cè)需求,所以鏡子自重產(chǎn)生的變形會(huì)對(duì)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生重要影響,同時(shí)自重的方向會(huì)產(chǎn)生不斷變化,因此支撐系統(tǒng)是光電系統(tǒng)非常重要的組成部分為減少主鏡口徑增大所帶來(lái)的主鏡重量增加自重變形及溫度變形等問(wèn)題,人們提出了各種解決方法,如改進(jìn)支撐方式研制新型輕質(zhì)材料等 隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,出現(xiàn)了大量的新技術(shù),主要有主動(dòng)光學(xué)技術(shù)自適應(yīng)光學(xué)技術(shù)以及超薄鏡的支撐技術(shù)等這些新技術(shù)的應(yīng)用大大增大了光學(xué)系統(tǒng)的口徑以及成像質(zhì)量但是對(duì)于1m以下的傳統(tǒng)光電系統(tǒng)的主鏡支撐方法人們還是普遍采用傳統(tǒng)支撐方法,只是對(duì)于500mm以上的主鏡進(jìn)行輕量化處理,以降低自重產(chǎn)生的變形本文對(duì)500mm以上,1m以下的主鏡的側(cè)支撐方案做了詳細(xì)分析 本文主要針對(duì)側(cè)支撐方案中經(jīng)常遇到的若干問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析優(yōu)化,如側(cè)支撐點(diǎn)位置的優(yōu)化配重因素主鏡存在的晃動(dòng)以及加速度對(duì)面形的影響首先根據(jù)主鏡側(cè)支撐經(jīng)常采用的下推上拉結(jié)構(gòu),本文對(duì)6點(diǎn)對(duì)稱(chēng)下推上拉結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化,找出了支撐位置的最優(yōu)解;同時(shí)考慮到配重的優(yōu)化,找出了配重與位置之間的關(guān)系經(jīng)過(guò)綜合分析以求能找出適合6點(diǎn)下推上拉結(jié)構(gòu)最優(yōu)解其次分析了主鏡晃動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的原因,對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)最后分析了加速度產(chǎn)生面形的相關(guān)因素,通過(guò)對(duì)相關(guān)因素的分析,找出這些因素對(duì)變形影響的大小同時(shí)結(jié)合有限元軟件對(duì)關(guān)鍵部件進(jìn)行了仿真,得到變形圖
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress of science and technology, as the scope of understanding is expanding, the photoelectric system, as an important tool for people to understand the universe, is increasingly showing its important position, optical aperture is an important indicator of optoelectronic system because, Only when the aperture of the optoelectronic system becomes larger can the photoelectric system have a stronger ability to collect light, be able to distinguish itself, and observe the target more clearly in a reflective telescope. Primary mirror plays an important role as the main optical element in optical system. The influence of primary mirror surface precision on reflector telescope is especially prominent, and there are many factors that affect surface precision. There are mainly machining errors and errors caused by supporting structures. Because of the continuous expansion of the aperture of the optical system and the observation requirements of different elevation angles, the deformation caused by the mirror self-weight will have an important impact on the optical system. At the same time, the direction of self-weight will change constantly, so the supporting system is a very important part of optoelectronic system, which increases the weight deformation and temperature deformation of primary mirror in order to reduce the aperture of primary mirror. With the development of science and technology, a large number of new technologies have emerged. These new technologies, such as active optics, adaptive optics, ultra-thin mirror support and so on, have greatly increased the aperture and imaging quality of optical systems, but for traditional optoelectronic systems below 1m, the primary mirror. Support methods people still generally adopt traditional support methods, Only for the primary mirror above 500mm light processing, In order to reduce the deformation caused by deadweight, this paper makes a detailed analysis of the side bracing scheme of primary mirror below 1 m above 500mm. This paper mainly analyzes and optimizes some problems often encountered in the side bracing scheme. For example, the influence of the sloshing of the primary mirror and the influence of the acceleration on the surface of the main mirror due to the optimization of the position of the side support and counterweight, firstly, according to the push-pull structure often used in the side support of the primary mirror, this paper optimizes the 6-point symmetrical push-pull structure. At the same time, considering the optimization of counterweight, we find out the relationship between counterweight and position through comprehensive analysis in order to find the optimal solution suitable for push-pull structure at 6 points. Secondly, the cause of primary mirror sloshing is analyzed. Finally, the factors related to the surface shape of acceleration are analyzed. By analyzing the relevant factors, the influence of these factors on deformation is found, and the key components are simulated with the finite element software, and the deformation diagram is obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院（長(zhǎng)春光學(xué)精密機(jī)械與物理研究所）
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TH751

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