本文選題：《恒星歷指》 + 恒星測(cè)算�。� 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 《崇禎歷書》是明末的一部大型歷算叢書,代表了中國(guó)歷法史上的巨大變革�！逗阈菤v指》作為《崇禎歷書》的恒星理論部分,在《崇禎歷書》中占有非常重要的地位。本文主要運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)分析法,通過全面系統(tǒng)地研究和分析《恒星歷指》的具體內(nèi)容,說明其從四個(gè)方面建構(gòu)的以西法為基礎(chǔ)的恒星理論,進(jìn)一步對(duì)其所包含的天文學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)等內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分析和闡釋,探討其價(jià)值和影響。 本文主要包括五個(gè)部分: 第一章,簡(jiǎn)單地介紹了中國(guó)古代的恒星觀測(cè)情況,并從《恒星歷指》版本、作者簡(jiǎn)介、地圓說知識(shí)等三個(gè)方面給出了研究《恒星歷指》的基礎(chǔ)。 第二章,詳細(xì)介紹并分析了《恒星歷指》中關(guān)于恒星測(cè)量的具體測(cè)算方法,認(rèn)為其引入的西方古典和近代的觀測(cè)理論和球面天文學(xué)具有相當(dāng)?shù)南到y(tǒng)性、科學(xué)性和可操作性,分析了《恒星歷指》在測(cè)算方法和儀器操作過程中為減少測(cè)量誤差而采用的有效方法,以及用于減少測(cè)量誤差和消除視差的視差理論和蒙氣差理論。 第三章,《恒星歷指》通過大量的古今觀測(cè)實(shí)例說明恒星本行的存在,并分析了恒星本行對(duì)恒星赤道經(jīng)緯度和黃道經(jīng)緯度的影響。涉及二十八宿距星位置的重新測(cè)算、黃赤距度的古遠(yuǎn)今近等內(nèi)容,詳細(xì)分析了恒星黃道緯度變易,而黃道經(jīng)度不變易的原因,以上重要結(jié)論將直接服務(wù)于星表的編算。 第四章,研究了以恒星之黃道經(jīng)緯度求其赤道經(jīng)緯度的多種方法。這些解題與計(jì)算過程,顯示了各自的原理與特點(diǎn)。抽提并揭示了包含在具有幾何特征的數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算中的恒星計(jì)算理論。恒星星圖是這次崇禎改歷中所取得的非常重要的直觀的成果。本章進(jìn)一步分析了《恒星歷指》中繪制星圖的原理和方法,展示了其中所蘊(yùn)涵的理論價(jià)值。 第五章,作為本文的結(jié)語部分,主要從理論價(jià)值、實(shí)踐價(jià)值和對(duì)明清天文學(xué)的影響及其不足之處闡述了《恒星歷指》的價(jià)值和影響。 本文研究表明,《恒星歷指》作為《崇禎歷書》的法原部分,從歷差產(chǎn)生的三大原因入手,建立了比當(dāng)時(shí)中法更為“密”的恒星測(cè)算理論。而且《恒星歷指》還給出了優(yōu)于舊法的繪制星圖的原理和方法。因此《恒星歷指》在中國(guó)恒星觀測(cè)史上具有很重要的價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Chongzhen Calendar is a large series of calendars in the late Ming Dynasty, which represents a great change in the history of Chinese calendar. As a part of the stellar theory of Chongzhen Calendar, it occupies a very important position in Chongzhen Calendar. This paper mainly uses the literature analysis method, through the comprehensive and systematic study and analysis of the specific contents of "stellar Calendar", explains the star theory based on the west method, which is constructed from four aspects. The value and influence of astronomy and mathematics are discussed. This paper mainly includes five parts: the first chapter briefly introduces the situation of stellar observation in ancient China, and introduces the author from the version of "stellar Calendar". The basis of the study of stellar Calendar is given in three aspects: the theory of earth circle and the knowledge of the theory of earth circle. In the second chapter, we introduce and analyze in detail the specific measurement methods of stars in the Calendar of Stars, and consider that the western classical and modern observational theories and spherical astronomy introduced by them are quite systematic, scientific and operable. The effective methods used to reduce the measurement error in the calculation method and the operation of the instrument are analyzed, as well as the parallax theory and the masking error theory used to reduce the measurement error and eliminate the parallax. In Chapter 3, "stellar Calendar" shows the existence of star's own line through a large number of ancient and modern observations, and analyzes the influence of star's own line on the equatorial longitude and zodiac latitude of the star. This paper deals with the recalculation of the position of the star at 28 night distance and the ancient distance and proximity of the yellowish distance, and analyzes in detail the reasons for the variation of the zodiac latitude and the constant change of the zodiac longitude. The above important conclusions will serve directly in the compilation of the catalogue. In chapter 4, we study several methods to calculate the equatorial longitude and latitude of a star by its zodiac latitude and longitude. These solutions and calculation processes show their respective principles and characteristics. The theory of star computing which is included in the mathematical calculation with geometric characteristics is extracted and revealed. Star map is a very important visual achievement in the Chongzhen calendar. In this chapter, the principle and method of drawing star map in Star Calendar are analyzed, and the theoretical value is shown. The fifth chapter, as the conclusion of this paper, mainly expounds the value and influence of the stellar calendar from the theoretical value, the practical value, the influence on astronomy in Ming and Qing dynasties and its shortcomings. In this paper, it is shown that the "stellar calendar finger", as a part of the "Chongzhen Calendar", is based on the three main causes of the calendar difference, and a more "dense" theory of stellar measurement is established than that of the Chinese and French calendar books at that time. Moreover, the principle and method of star map drawing are given. Therefore, the stellar calendar is of great value in the history of stellar observation in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：P1-092

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本文編號(hào)：2070221