本文選題：朱文鑫 + 《天文學(xué)小史》��； 參考：《東華大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為二十世紀(jì)初期中國人探索世界天文學(xué)發(fā)展歷史的篳路藍(lán)縷之作,朱文鑫的《天文學(xué)小史》具有重大的開拓意義,它一方面填補了中國人撰寫世界天文學(xué)史的空白,另一方面也充實了在世界天文學(xué)史視域下的中國天文學(xué)史的研究和探索。 朱文鑫先生在《天文學(xué)小史》中不僅系統(tǒng)地梳理了包括中國在內(nèi)的世界天文學(xué)史的發(fā)展脈絡(luò),更為重要的是,他運用現(xiàn)代的天文學(xué)理論知識和研究方法對零散的中國天象資料進(jìn)行考證和整理,去偽存真,梳其條理,分其線索,使其擺脫封建迷信的桎梏,重綻科學(xué)求實的光芒,為后來學(xué)者的天文學(xué)史研究工作提供了范本。 本文對朱文鑫的天文學(xué)著作《天文學(xué)小史》主要做了以下工作： 1.簡要介紹了《天文學(xué)小史》的成書始末,并對該書的版本、結(jié)構(gòu)、成書目的、特點、意義進(jìn)行了整理和評述,以便對《天文學(xué)小史》有一個更為宏觀的了解,了解此書在當(dāng)時的重要意義。 2.對朱文鑫《天文學(xué)小史》中的天象整理工作進(jìn)行梳理,重點指出他所作的創(chuàng)新工作：對《甘石星經(jīng)》記錄的辨析、對二十八宿起源的考證、系統(tǒng)介紹“假天”的制作、交食周的整理和比較。 3.在梳理朱文鑫對古代歷法敘述思路的基礎(chǔ)上,重點整理他對幾部重要歷法的研究工作,朱文鑫詳細(xì)分析了《三統(tǒng)歷》和《太初歷》的日法、統(tǒng)法和元法的差異,認(rèn)為它們關(guān)于冬至點的位置變化反映了歲差理論,而后人在他的基礎(chǔ)上獲得了新的成果。朱文鑫注意到演紀(jì)上元的重要地位,提出它關(guān)乎整個中國歷法史,為后人進(jìn)一步研究歷法奠定了的基礎(chǔ)。 4.提出朱文鑫首先注意到中國古代宣夜說的價值與積極意義,提出朱文鑫首次探討了水運渾天儀開鐘表之原理的重要發(fā)現(xiàn),而這兩點都被當(dāng)今學(xué)術(shù)界當(dāng)作是李約瑟的發(fā)現(xiàn)與貢獻(xiàn)。 5.本文注意到朱文鑫在《天文學(xué)小史》中對幾次中西科學(xué)的歷史交叉點及其出路迥異的關(guān)注,試圖厘清朱文鑫翻譯介紹西方天文學(xué)時的重點,得出朱文鑫對中國天文學(xué)中道沒落的反思,認(rèn)為朱文鑫早在“李約瑟難題”之前就已經(jīng)意識到這一問題,并嘗試做過解答。 6.在閱讀原著的基礎(chǔ)上,整理出朱文鑫在《天文學(xué)小史》中對中國天文學(xué)起源的獨立思考,理清他所表達(dá)的“新人文主義”的天文學(xué)史觀。 最后,通過朱文鑫包括民國時期諸多學(xué)者的研究成果沒有被很好地推廣傳播的問題,從“文化自覺”的視角探討中國文明的話語權(quán)。 全文大致分為四個部分：一是對《天文學(xué)小史》成書背景的介紹,二是對《天文學(xué)小史》中國古代天文學(xué)部分的介紹,三是對朱文鑫翻譯西方天文學(xué)成果的介紹,四是關(guān)于《天文學(xué)小史》引發(fā)的思考。本文是目前第一次對《天文學(xué)小史》一書全面詳盡的研究,也有許多新的發(fā)現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:As a pioneering work of the Chinese people in the early 20th century to explore the history of the development of world astronomy, Zhu Wenxin's "A small History of Astronomy" is of great pioneering significance. On the one hand, it fills the gap in the Chinese writing the history of world astronomy. On the other hand, it enriches the research and exploration of the history of Chinese astronomy from the perspective of the world history of astronomy. Mr. Zhu Wenxin not only systematically combed the development of the history of astronomy in the world, including China, but also, more importantly, in "A small History of Astronomy". He used modern astronomical theoretical knowledge and research methods to study and collate scattered Chinese celestial data, eliminate false facts, comb their order, divide their clues, free them from the shackles of feudal superstition, and rejoin the rays of science and truth. It provides a model for later scholars to study the history of astronomy. In this paper, Zhu Wenxin's astronomical work, A small History of Astronomy, has been studied as follows: 1. This paper briefly introduces the beginning and end of the book of the small History of Astronomy, and arranges and comments on the edition, structure, purpose, characteristics and significance of the book, in order to have a more general understanding of the History of Astronomy. Understand the significance of the book at the time. 2. This paper combs the work of sorting out the celestial phenomena in Zhu Wenxin's "A small History of Astronomy", and points out emphatically his innovative work: discriminating and analyzing the records of "calamine Star Classic", systematically introducing the making of "false Heaven" for the textual research of the origin of 28 suns. Tidying and comparison of food weeks. 3. On the basis of combing Zhu Wenxin's narrative ideas on ancient calendars, and focusing on his research work on several important calendars, Zhu Wenxin analyzed in detail the differences between the Japanese method, the unified method and the Yuan method of the "three unified calendars" and the "Taichu calendar". It is considered that their position changes on the Winter Solstice point reflect the precession theory, and on the basis of this theory, new results are obtained. Zhu Wenxin noticed the important position of acting Ji Shangyuan, and put forward that it related to the whole Chinese calendar history, which laid the foundation for future generations to further study calendar. 4. Zhu Wenxin first paid attention to the value and positive significance of the theory of Xuanyue in ancient China, and put forward that Zhu Wenxin had for the first time discussed the important discovery of the principle of the water transport muddy sky instrument for opening clocks and watches. Both of these are regarded as Needham's discoveries and contributions by today's academia. 5. 5. This paper notes Zhu Wenxin's attention to several historical intersections of Chinese and Western science and their different ways in "A small History of Astronomy", and tries to clarify the key points of Zhu Wanxin's translation and introduction of Western astronomy. Zhu Wenxin's reflection on the decline of Chinese astronomy suggests that Zhu Wanxin was aware of the problem long before the Needham problem and tried to answer it. 6. On the basis of reading the original works, Zhu Wenxin's independent thinking on the origin of Chinese astronomy in A small History of Astronomy is arranged, and his view of astronomy history of "New Humanism" is clarified. Finally, through the research results of Zhu Wenxin, including many scholars in the period of the Republic of China, which have not been well popularized and disseminated, this paper discusses the discourse right of Chinese civilization from the perspective of "cultural consciousness". The full text is roughly divided into four parts: first, an introduction to the background of the book "A small History of Astronomy"; (2) an introduction to the "small History of Astronomy" in ancient China; and (3) an introduction to Zhu Wenxin's translation of Western astronomical achievements. The fourth is about the thinking caused by the small History of Astronomy. This paper is the first comprehensive and detailed study of the book A small History of Astronomy, and many new discoveries have been made.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P1-092

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