本文選題：地平式天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡 + 運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)跟蹤　； 參考：《南京理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：本論文以地平式天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡為研究平臺(tái),將圖像處理技術(shù)和運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)跟蹤技術(shù)相結(jié)合,研究在運(yùn)動(dòng)背景下對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)進(jìn)行跟蹤的方法。通過(guò)CCD模塊采集的模擬視頻信號(hào),經(jīng)解碼模塊解碼為數(shù)字視頻信號(hào)。再將該數(shù)字視頻信號(hào)傳輸給FPGA,進(jìn)行圖像跟蹤運(yùn)算并顯示。根據(jù)計(jì)算出的目標(biāo)位移結(jié)果控制伺服系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),從而實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)跟蹤。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,該方法能夠準(zhǔn)確地對(duì)空中運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)進(jìn)行跟蹤。 首先,介紹了地平式天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡的光學(xué)系統(tǒng)。根據(jù)視頻圖像技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)理論,對(duì)CCD模塊的選型及其性能指標(biāo)做了詳細(xì)說(shuō)明。同時(shí),為便于后端視頻圖像處理,設(shè)計(jì)了視頻解碼模塊,該模塊能夠?qū)δM視頻信號(hào)進(jìn)行解碼并倍頻。 其次,論文設(shè)計(jì)了一種自適應(yīng)高斯平滑濾波法對(duì)圖像進(jìn)行預(yù)處理,該方法不僅能夠有效濾除噪聲,而且降低了平滑處理對(duì)邊緣檢測(cè)效果的影響。選取Sobel算子進(jìn)行邊緣檢測(cè),邊緣檢測(cè)效果明顯。并進(jìn)一步設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于邊緣檢測(cè)的相關(guān)匹配跟蹤算法。文章從算法可行性和軟、硬件實(shí)現(xiàn)角度對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)跟蹤算法做了詳細(xì)介紹。 再次,論文根據(jù)地平式天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)出伺服控制系統(tǒng)。設(shè)計(jì)了伺服控制電路,該控制電路以STM32系列單片機(jī)為核心控制器,能夠?qū)Φ仄绞教煳耐h(yuǎn)鏡進(jìn)行二維控制。并結(jié)合步進(jìn)電機(jī)工作原理,采用TI公司的DRV8829電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)芯片設(shè)計(jì)出二相四線式步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)器,該驅(qū)動(dòng)器驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)平穩(wěn)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),且散熱性能良好。此外,為便于系統(tǒng)調(diào)試與觀測(cè),設(shè)計(jì)了TFT屏觸控模塊,并以FPGA構(gòu)建的Nios Ⅱ軟核為處理器,開(kāi)發(fā)TFT屏底層驅(qū)動(dòng)程序和uC/GUI人機(jī)界面的頂層應(yīng)用程序。 最后,文章分別對(duì)系統(tǒng)各功能模塊進(jìn)行獨(dú)立調(diào)試和系統(tǒng)聯(lián)調(diào)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,各功能模塊運(yùn)行效果良好,系統(tǒng)聯(lián)調(diào)能夠達(dá)到預(yù)期效果。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the image processing technology and moving target tracking technology are combined to study the method of moving target tracking under the moving background based on the ground-level astronomical telescope. The analog video signal collected by CCD module is decoded into digital video signal by decoding module. Then the digital video signal is transmitted to FPGA for image tracking and display. The rotation of the servo system is controlled according to the calculated target displacement result, and the target tracking is realized. The experimental results show that the method can accurately track the moving targets in the air. Firstly, the optical system of ground-level astronomical telescope is introduced. According to the basic theory of video image technology, the selection of CCD module and its performance index are described in detail. At the same time, in order to facilitate the back-end video image processing, a video decoding module is designed, which can decode the analog video signal and multiply the frequency. Secondly, an adaptive Gao Si smoothing filter is designed to preprocess the image. This method can not only effectively filter noise, but also reduce the influence of smoothing on edge detection. Sobel operator is selected for edge detection, and the effect of edge detection is obvious. Furthermore, a correlation matching tracking algorithm based on edge detection is designed. In this paper, the algorithm of moving target tracking is introduced in detail from the point of view of feasibility, hardware and software. Thirdly, the servo control system is designed according to the structural characteristics of the ground-level astronomical telescope. The servo control circuit is designed. The control circuit is based on STM32 series single chip microcomputer and can be used to control the horizontal astronomical telescope in two dimensions. Combined with the principle of stepper motor, a two-phase four-wire stepper motor driver is designed by using the DRV8829 motor driver chip of TI Company. The driver drives the motor smoothly and has good heat dissipation performance. In addition, in order to facilitate the system debugging and observation, the TFT screen touch control module is designed. With the Nios 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：1990021