本文選題：快速定向 + 自然天體�。� 參考：《解放軍信息工程大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：針對快速定向這一熱點問題，，論文開展了基于自然天體的快速定向理論及技術(shù)研究。論文的主要工作如下： (1)詳細比較了陀螺經(jīng)緯儀定向、GPS定向、地磁定向以及天文定向，分析并指出了目前天文定向技術(shù)遇到的挑戰(zhàn)和需要突破的瓶頸。 (2)研究了任意星定向中的單恒星識別技術(shù)，通過實際觀測實驗證明該項技術(shù)具有較高的識別成功率，成功實現(xiàn)了任意星定向并取得了較高精度的定向結(jié)果。 (3)提出并實現(xiàn)了利用特征星進行快速定向，建立了特征星星庫，研究了最佳選星策略，從而使定向精度得到大幅提高。 (4)提出了利用行星進行快速定向。篩選了太陽系內(nèi)適合天文定向觀測的行星，針對視半徑較大的木星和土星，比較了前后沿法和中心法的優(yōu)劣，并給出了觀測建議；分析了對金星、火星、木星和土星的實測數(shù)據(jù)，指出利用行星進行快速定向具有較高的應用價值。 (5)提出了利用月球進行快速定向。提出了月球視面中心擬合算法，推導了全部的計算公式，并通過實際觀測實驗驗證了該算法的可靠性，突破性地解決了月面中心的確定問題，并成功實現(xiàn)了測月快速定向。 (6)提出了一種新的測日定向方法——擬合法，通過實際觀測實驗確定了對太陽邊沿的最佳采樣次數(shù)；設計實驗比較了擬合法和前后沿法的優(yōu)劣，并給出了觀測建議；提出了一種改進的測日定向方法，有效削弱了主要誤差源對定向的影響。 (7)基于論文的研究成果，研制出了一套快速天文定向系統(tǒng)軟件。通過實際觀測獲取了該系統(tǒng)的總體技戰(zhàn)術(shù)指標，并將該系統(tǒng)與目前使用較多的下架式陀螺經(jīng)緯儀進行了比較，指出了各自的優(yōu)缺點。 通過論文的研究，在最大程度上降低了天氣狀況對天文定向的影響，極大地彌補了夜晚天文測量只能依靠北極星進行定向的不足，達到了天空中只要有可見的自然天體即可實現(xiàn)快速定向的目標。
[Abstract]:Aiming at the hot issue of fast orientation, the theory and technology of fast orientation based on natural objects are studied in this paper. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) the GPS orientation, geomagnetic orientation and astronomical orientation of gyrotheodolite are compared in detail. This paper analyzes and points out the challenges and bottlenecks of the current astronomical orientation technology. (2) the single star recognition technique in arbitrary star orientation is studied. The practical observation results show that the technique has a high success rate. In this paper, the arbitrary star orientation is successfully realized and a high precision orientation result is obtained. (3) A fast orientation based on the feature star is proposed and realized, and the feature star database is established, and the optimal star selection strategy is studied. Therefore, the precision of orientation is greatly improved. In this paper, the planets suitable for astronomical directional observation in the solar system are selected. For Jupiter and Saturn with larger apparent radius, the advantages and disadvantages of the front and rear edge method and the central method are compared, and the observation suggestions are given, and the Venus and Mars are analyzed. The observational data of Jupiter and Saturn point out that the use of planets for rapid orientation is of great practical value. In this paper, an algorithm for fitting the center of the lunar visual plane is proposed, and all the calculation formulas are derived. The reliability of the algorithm is verified by practical observation experiments, and the problem of determining the center of the lunar plane is solved by a breakthrough. And successfully realized the rapid orientation of the moon. (6) A new method of sun-orientation, the fitting method, was put forward, the optimum sampling times of the solar edge were determined by the actual observation experiment, and the advantages and disadvantages of the fitting method and the front and rear edge method were compared by the design experiment. Some observations are given, and an improved method is proposed, which effectively weakens the influence of the main error sources on the orientation. (7) based on the research results of the paper, a set of software for a fast astronomical orientation system is developed. The overall technical and tactical indexes of the system are obtained through practical observation. The system is compared with the gyrotheodolite, which is used more frequently at present, and their advantages and disadvantages are pointed out. The influence of weather condition on astronomical orientation is reduced to the greatest extent, which makes up for the deficiency that the astronomical measurement can only depend on the North Star to orientate at night, and the goal of fast orientation can be achieved as long as there are visible natural objects in the sky.
【學位授予單位】：解放軍信息工程大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：P12

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 王永海;CGCS2000的啟用對天文定位定向的影響研究[D];解放軍信息工程大學;2013年

本文編號：1986373