本文選題：宇宙線 + RPC探測器��； 參考：《山西大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：核物理與粒子物理是研究物質(zhì)基本結(jié)構(gòu)的科學(xué),這種研究是通過實驗現(xiàn)象、實驗數(shù)據(jù)、模擬計算和理論模型來對物質(zhì)之間的相互作用和基本規(guī)律進(jìn)行認(rèn)識而實現(xiàn)的。實驗中,根據(jù)不同粒子與物質(zhì)的相互作用機(jī)制,人們設(shè)計了各種不同的探測器,研究物質(zhì)與射線通過相互作用后產(chǎn)生的粒子的能量、動量、運動軌跡、帶電的電性等性質(zhì),從而揭示物質(zhì)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)。高能物理界在建造加速器的同時,也建造了復(fù)雜的、大型的探測器系統(tǒng)(即譜儀),對粒子打靶和對撞產(chǎn)生的末態(tài)粒子進(jìn)行探測研究。未來新探測器技術(shù)的開發(fā)以及研究,對于粒子物理學(xué)的持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重大的意義。 本文的研究內(nèi)容主要分為兩部分,從第一章到第五章是作者對高能探測器的設(shè)計、制作、測量和數(shù)據(jù)分析的研究,第六章是理論模型方面的研究。 第一、二和三章,介紹了宇宙線通用測試平臺的研究。第一章是測試平臺的設(shè)計背景,以及設(shè)計方案和原理。第二章主要利用宇宙線和采用有像增強(qiáng)功能的電荷耦合器件(ICCD)相機(jī)并行讀出定位,測量了時間探測器的時間分辨。實驗結(jié)果表明,時間探測器可以達(dá)到起始時間精度好于200ps,滿足通用探測器測試平臺的設(shè)計要求。第三章研究了測試平臺的定位探測器電阻性極板室(RPC)的讀出系統(tǒng),根據(jù)實驗測量數(shù)據(jù),提出使用一個新型讀出系統(tǒng)方案：激光器加ICCD讀出,并對該方法進(jìn)行了可行性研究,實驗結(jié)果表明RPC工作在流光模式下,可以使小激光器發(fā)光。 本文第四章對新型厚氣體電子倍增器(THGEM)進(jìn)行研究。介紹了THGEM探測器的工作原理,國產(chǎn)化生產(chǎn)的THGEM的結(jié)構(gòu)特點以及制作步驟,重點研究了大面積THGEM (10x10cm2和20×20cm2)的工作性能,介紹了應(yīng)用情況。本文第五章對CsI (Na)晶體探測Cherenkov光,進(jìn)而用于粒子鑒別的可行性進(jìn)行了初步研究。結(jié)果表明,CsI (Na)晶體在一定條件下可以探測到粒子的Cherenkov光。 本文第六章研究了多源熱模型,利用該模型分析了中高能強(qiáng)子-核(hA)及核-核(AA)碰撞中產(chǎn)生的末態(tài)核碎片的多重數(shù)分布,高能AA碰撞中一些其他整體觀測量的逐事例漲落,以及低能重離子反應(yīng)中輕帶電粒子和蒸發(fā)余核的能譜。該模型能夠很好地描述相關(guān)實驗數(shù)據(jù),這意味著,核碰撞中除了種類繁多的個性特征外,還蘊含著更基本的共性規(guī)律。
[Abstract]:Nuclear physics and particle physics are the science of studying the basic structure of matter. This kind of research is realized by means of experimental phenomena, experimental data, simulation calculations and theoretical models to understand the interaction and basic laws of matter.In the experiment, according to the interaction mechanism of different particles and matter, different detectors were designed to study the properties of energy, momentum, trajectory of motion and electrical properties of particles produced by the interaction of matter and ray through the interaction.Thus revealing the basic structure of matter.In addition to the construction of accelerators, the high-energy physics community has also built a complex, large-scale detector system (i.e., spectrometer) to detect and study the final state particles produced by particle targeting and collision.The development and research of new detector technology in the future is of great significance for the sustained development of particle physics.From chapter one to chapter five, the author studies the design, fabrication, measurement and data analysis of high energy detectors. The sixth chapter is the theoretical model.In the first, second and third chapters, the research of universal cosmic ray test platform is introduced.The first chapter is the design background, design scheme and principle of the test platform.In the second chapter, the time resolution of the time detector is measured by using the cosmic ray and the ICCD-camera with image enhancement.The experimental results show that the time detector can achieve a better start time accuracy than 200 ps. it can meet the design requirements of the universal detector test platform.In chapter 3, the readout system of the position detector resistive polar chamber (RPC) is studied. According to the experimental data, a new readout system scheme: laser and ICCD readout is proposed, and the feasibility of the method is studied.The experimental results show that the small laser can be luminescent when RPC works in streamer mode.In chapter 4, a new thick gas electron multiplier, THGEM, is studied.This paper introduces the working principle of THGEM detector, the structure characteristics and fabrication steps of home-made THGEM. The working performance of large area THGEM 10x10cm2 and 20x20cm2) is studied, and its application is introduced.In chapter 5, the feasibility of detecting Cherenkov light by CsI crystal is studied.The results show that the Cherenkov light of the particles can be detected under certain conditions.In the sixth chapter, we study the multi-source heat model, using the model, we analyze the multifold distribution of the final nuclear debris produced in the collisions of the middle and high energy Hadron and nucleus nucleus AAs, and the case by case fluctuations of some other global observations in the high energy AA collisions.And the energy spectrum of light charged particles and evaporative residual nuclei in low energy heavy ion reaction.The model can describe the relevant experimental data well, which means that the nuclear collision contains a more basic general law in addition to a wide variety of individual characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：P111

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