本文選題：二向性反射 + Hapke模型　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：月球表面的二向性反射特征是進(jìn)行月表礦物含量類別判定和含量反演的重要依據(jù)。在月球探測活動(dòng)中，不同的光度模型被用來模擬月表的二向性反射行為和分析月表光譜數(shù)據(jù)。Hapke模型是行星探測中常用的光度模型，它是顆粒介質(zhì)輻射傳輸模型的近似解析解，不僅成功地實(shí)現(xiàn)了對月球、水星等太陽系內(nèi)行星表面的反射光譜的模擬和光學(xué)參數(shù)求解，更重要的是實(shí)現(xiàn)了從反射率到單次反照率及多種反射率的轉(zhuǎn)化。B. Hapke提出并驗(yàn)證了介質(zhì)單次反照率是組成介質(zhì)的端元顆粒單次反照率的線性加權(quán)和，權(quán)值為各種顆粒在單位面積上的相對橫截面積。其推廣至礦物含量反演中即混合礦物的單次反照率是各端元礦物單次反照率的線性加權(quán)和。 Hapke模型在描述介質(zhì)表面宏觀粗糙度對反射率影響時(shí)，只考慮了平均坡度因素，而沒有考慮到坡向和周圍地形對反射率的影響。研究首先推導(dǎo)了三維向量空間中坡面上觀測點(diǎn)受坡度和坡向同時(shí)影響下的太陽入射角和出射角的計(jì)算公式，并按照來源不同，對周圍地形對觀測點(diǎn)的輻亮度“增益”效應(yīng)進(jìn)行了逐項(xiàng)分析，得出適合月球表面Sandmeier輻亮度求解方程，以此推導(dǎo)理想平坦月表反射率最終求解公式。由此，建立了綜合考慮坡度、坡向兩種宏觀地形因素影響下月表的Hapke模型。 在進(jìn)行月表礦物含量反演之前，通過實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了月表四種主要造巖礦物—斜長石、橄欖石、單斜輝石、斜方輝石的二向反射特性及光譜混合特性。首先研究了觀測幾何條件對反射率的影響：設(shè)定入射角，出射角的變化范圍為0~60°，方位角范圍為0~360°，測量了四種礦物在不同觀測條件組合下的反射率光譜。其次研究了礦物顆粒大小對反射率的影響：將礦物研磨為96~120μm、120~150μm、150~180μm、180~250μm四種粒度，分別測量了礦物在四種粒度下的反射率光譜。通過分析反射率光譜，發(fā)現(xiàn)幾何觀測條件不是影響礦物反射率的敏感因素，而粒度則對礦物的反射率有著顯著的影響，并呈現(xiàn)統(tǒng)一的變化規(guī)律。之后，進(jìn)行了光譜混合實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)M：選用了120~150μm的斜長石和單斜輝石作為端元礦物，按照不同比例均勻混合成四組混合礦物，分別測量了端元礦物和混合礦物的反射率，使用原始Hapke模型和各向同性Hapke模型反演了端元礦物和混合礦物的反照率，證明了混合礦物的反照率近似為端元礦物反照率的線性加權(quán)和。各向同性Hapke模型模擬結(jié)果同原始Hapke模型模擬結(jié)果精度相比差距不大，整體誤差為8%，可認(rèn)為是在同一水平上，能夠解決當(dāng)前月表高光譜普遍缺乏同一地區(qū)多角度觀測信息而無法直接使用原始Hapke模型進(jìn)行礦物含量反演這一難題。 最后，以引入宏觀地形改正的各向同性Hapke模型為理論基礎(chǔ)，最小二乘法為運(yùn)算法則，使用印度探月衛(wèi)星“Chandrayaan-1”上搭載的M3(Moon MineralogyMapper)探測器獲取的月球表面高光譜數(shù)據(jù)，以Apollo17號地區(qū)為實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)域，，驗(yàn)證了引入宏觀地形改正的各向同性Hapke模型在礦物含量反演中的適用性，并完成了“嫦娥”三號首選登陸區(qū)域—虹灣的礦物含量分布。
[Abstract]:The surface of the moon to the two characteristics of reflection is an important basis for categories of lunar minerals and determine the content of inversion. In lunar exploration, different photometric model was used to simulate the surface two to reflex behavior and analysis of surface spectral data.Hapke model is commonly used in the photometric model for planetary exploration, it is the approximate analytic solution of particles radiative transfer model, not only successfully on the moon, for simulation and optical parameters of reflectance spectra of mercury and other planets in our solar system on the surface, it is more important to realize the reflectivity of the single scattering albedo and multiple reflectance conversion of.B. Hapke is presented and verified medium rate is linear and weighted single albedo the rate of endmember particles medium single albedo, weights for various particle relative cross section in the unit area of the area. It is extended to the mineral content in mixed mineral inversion The single albedo is the linear weighted sum of the single albedo of each end element.
The Hapke model in describing the medium surface roughness on the reflectivity of the macro, only consider the average slope factor, without considering the influence of slope and the surrounding terrain on reflectivity is deduced. The research on three-dimensional vector space on the observation point by the slope and at the same time, under the influence of the solar incident angle and calculating shot angle, and in accordance with the different source of radiance around the terrain on the observation point gain effect were analyzed, obtained for the lunar surface Sandmeier radiance equation, deduced the ideal reflectivity formula for solving the final flat surface. Therefore, considering the slope, slope to two macro terrain factors affecting Hapke under the model of the lunar surface.
Before the inversion of lunar minerals, through the experimental study of lunar surface four main rock forming minerals and plagioclase, olivine, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and mixed to two reflectance spectral characteristics. First the influence of observation geometry on reflectivity: set the angle of incidence, a range of incident angle of 0~60 degrees. The azimuth angle is in the range of 0~360 DEG, reflectance spectrum measurement of four kinds of minerals in different observation condition. Secondly study the effect of mineral particle size on the reflectivity: 96~120 mineral materials m, 120~150 m, 150~180 m, 180~250 m four particle size, mineral reflectance in four kinds of granularity the measured reflectance spectra respectively. Through the analysis, we found that conditions of geometry is not sensitive factors influence reflectance and minerals, has a significant effect on grain size of minerals reflectivity, and presents a unified change Law. After simulated experiment, spectral mixture: choose the 120~150 m of plagioclase and clinopyroxene as endmember minerals, according to different proportion evenly mixed into four groups of mixed minerals, measured reflectivity of endmember minerals and mixed minerals, using the original Hapke model and isotropic Hapke model inversion albedo endmember mineral and mixed minerals, proved that the linear weighted sum of albedo approximation for endmember mineral albedo of mixed minerals. The isotropic Hapke model simulation results with the original Hapke model simulation accuracy is not compared to the gap, the overall error is 8%, that is on the same level, can solve the current lack of lunar hyperspectral multi angle observation information from one area to directly use the original Hapke model is the problem of mineral content inversion.
Finally, with the introduction of isotropic Hapke model of macro topographic correction theory, least squares algorithm, using the India lunar satellite equipped with "Chandrayaan-1" on M3 (Moon MineralogyMapper) lunar surface hyperspectral data detector to obtain, in the Apollo17 area as the experimental area, verify the applicability of the isotropic Hapke macro model the terrain correction in mineral content inversion, and completed the "distribution of mineral content of Chang'e No. three" preferred landing area - Rainbow Bay.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：P184.5

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