本文選題：游藝　切入點(diǎn)：天文思想　出處：《東華大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：游藝是明末清初我國重要的思想家和天文歷算家,其天文歷算的代表作《天經(jīng)或問》涵蓋了天文歷法、水文氣象、天災(zāi)異象及人生性理等方面的知識,內(nèi)容豐富,題材多樣,具有極高的科技史料價(jià)值。但在中國思想史和中國科技史上,游藝卻幾乎被人遺忘,目前尚未見有關(guān)于他的專門研究論文和著作�；诖�,本文擬在對《天經(jīng)或問》進(jìn)行全面深入的梳理和解讀的基礎(chǔ)上,對游藝的天文學(xué)思想和宇宙模型做一初探,發(fā)掘游藝這位被長期埋沒的思想家和天文歷算家的思想和成就,以期還原游藝在明清科學(xué)思想史、天文歷算史上的地位。 《天經(jīng)或問》分為前集和后集兩部分,是約于1675年和1681年刊行的通俗天文學(xué)著作。其研究和錄入對象主要包括：天文歷法、水文氣象、天災(zāi)異象及人生性理�！短旖�(jīng)或問前集》以論述天文學(xué)為主,兼論水文氣象。《天經(jīng)或問后集》則以論述異象和性理為主,還包含了關(guān)于中國歷法發(fā)展史的討論等。在前集的論述中,游藝全文征引,引用當(dāng)時(shí)西方傳教士翻譯、流入中國的天文學(xué)著作；或者概括、綜述其師友、前人的研究成果,并附加自己的評論、觀點(diǎn),對西方傳入的天文學(xué)知識作了比較系統(tǒng)、全面、通俗的評介,同時(shí)也論述了中國傳統(tǒng)天文歷法的相關(guān)論述�！短旖�(jīng)或問前集》在傳播普及當(dāng)時(shí)傳入中國的西方天文學(xué)知識方面產(chǎn)生了極大的影響,對當(dāng)時(shí)中西方天文學(xué)知識的交流與融合做出了突出的貢獻(xiàn)。 本文試圖在現(xiàn)有研究資料的基礎(chǔ)上對游藝的宇宙天文學(xué)思想、《天經(jīng)或問》的成書背景以及意義進(jìn)行介紹。關(guān)于游藝如何構(gòu)建自己的宇宙天文體系、《天經(jīng)或問》如何對當(dāng)時(shí)中西方宇宙天文問題作出評述、匯各家之言而成一家之說,游藝的天文思想、宇宙模型、《天經(jīng)或問》對當(dāng)時(shí)天文學(xué)界產(chǎn)生的重大影響等方面有著重要的研究意義與價(jià)值,也是本文所要努力嘗試的方向和目標(biāo)。 本文緒論部分主要介紹課題的研究背景及意義、研究內(nèi)容及方法、研究的重點(diǎn)及創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)等。正文部分首先是對游藝與《天經(jīng)或問》的概括和簡述,主要介紹游藝所處的社會(huì)歷史背景、生平經(jīng)歷、與揭暄等人的交往。其次通過比較研究的手法,通過與其同時(shí)代天文歷算家的學(xué)說對比分析游藝的天文學(xué)思想,主要是闡釋其歲差、左右旋等觀點(diǎn)。再次是結(jié)合笛卡爾、朱熹等人的天文思想與宇宙模型,介紹游藝的地心宇宙模型、漩渦說等思想。文章結(jié)尾部分主要是針對游藝的宇宙天文學(xué)觀點(diǎn)、《天經(jīng)或問》的內(nèi)容與價(jià)值進(jìn)行綜合分析、總體評價(jià),歸納總結(jié)了游藝天文學(xué)思想的價(jià)值,揭示了游藝與《天經(jīng)或問》在天文學(xué)史上的深遠(yuǎn)影響與重要地位。
[Abstract]:Recreation is an important thinker and astronomical almanac in China in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. The representative work of the astronomical calendar, "Tian Jing or Q", covers the knowledge of astronomical calendar, hydrometeorology, natural disaster vision and human nature, and has rich contents and varied subjects. Has extremely high science and technology historical value. But in the history of Chinese thoughts and Chinese science and technology history, recreation is almost forgotten, so far there have not been any special research papers and works about him. On the basis of a thorough analysis and interpretation of the Book of Heaven or question, this paper explores the astronomical thoughts and cosmic models of recreation, and explores the ideas and achievements of this long-buried thinker and astronomical almanac. In order to restore the status of recreation in the history of scientific thought and astronomical history of Ming and Qing dynasties. It is a popular astronomical work published in 1675 and 1681. Its research and input objects mainly include astronomical calendars, hydrometeorology, and so on. The natural disaster vision and the nature of human life. The first collection of the sutras of heaven or inquiry is mainly about astronomy, and also the discussion of hydrometeorology. The main purpose of the collection is to expound the vision and the theory of nature. It also includes a discussion on the history of the development of Chinese calendars. In the previous treatise, the full text of the recreation is cited, citing the astronomical works translated by Western missionaries at that time and flowing into China; or, in general, summarizing the research results of their teachers and friends, as well as those of their predecessors. In addition to his own comments and viewpoints, he made a systematic, comprehensive and popular review of the astronomical knowledge introduced by the West. At the same time, it also discusses the related exposition of the Chinese traditional astronomical calendar. "the Sutra of Heaven or the Book of questions" has had a great impact on the dissemination of Western astronomical knowledge that was introduced to China at that time. It made a great contribution to the exchange and fusion of astronomical knowledge between China and the West at that time. Based on the existing research data, this paper attempts to introduce the cosmic astronomical thought of recreation, the background and significance of the book of "the Book of Heaven or Book of Heaven", on how to construct one's own cosmic astronomical system, < Book of Heaven or ask >. How to comment on the astronomical problems in China and the West at that time, The astronomical thought of recreation, the cosmic model, and the great influence of the Book of Heaven or question on the astronomical circles at that time have important research significance and value, and are also the direction and goal of this paper. The introduction part of this paper mainly introduces the research background and significance, the research content and method, the research emphases and the innovation points, etc. The main body part first is the summary and the brief introduction to the recreation and "Tian Jing or Q". This paper mainly introduces the social and historical background, life experience, communication with people such as Gaixuan, etc. Secondly, it analyzes the astronomical thought of recreation by comparing it with the theories of its contemporary astronomical calendars. It mainly explains its precession, left and right rotation and so on. Again, it introduces the geocentric cosmic model of recreation combining with the astronomical thought and cosmic model of Descartes, Zhu Xi and others. The last part of the article is mainly aimed at the cosmic astronomical viewpoint of recreation, the content and value of the Book of Heaven or question are comprehensively analyzed, the overall evaluation is made, and the value of the idea of recreational astronomy is summed up and summarized. It reveals the profound influence and important position of recreation and sutra or question in the history of astronomy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P1-092

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