本文選題：天文測量　切入點：室內(nèi)仿真　出處：《解放軍信息工程大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：天文測量是一門對測量觀測員的操作穩(wěn)定性要求非常高的技術(shù),熟練的操作離不開大量的日常訓練。然而,目前的天文測量訓練模式仍然是在晴朗的夜晚通過觀測真實星空來完成,受到天氣條件的制約;且一個地點只能觀測當?shù)氐男强?受到地域條件的限制,嚴重影響了訓練效率和訓練效果。為此,本文研究并提出了天文測量室內(nèi)仿真的方案。圍繞這一方案,論文首先研究了等角星圖模擬技術(shù),實現(xiàn)了真實星空的模擬,并通過實測分析了模擬星圖等角的精度。然后,研究了時間同步技術(shù)和系統(tǒng)標定方法,實現(xiàn)了系統(tǒng)時間同步和系統(tǒng)標定,并通過實測數(shù)據(jù)分析了時間同步和系統(tǒng)標定精度。最后,結(jié)合基于Leica TM 5100A電子經(jīng)緯儀的天文測量系統(tǒng)集成了天文測量室內(nèi)仿真系統(tǒng),并通過實測數(shù)據(jù)分析了天文經(jīng)緯度和天文方位角測量的精度。實現(xiàn)了在室內(nèi)全天候、全地域和高效益開展天文測量訓練。論文主要的研究工作及研究成果如下: (1)介紹了與天文測量相關(guān)的時間系統(tǒng)及其轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系、坐標系統(tǒng)及其轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系,闡述了恒星視位置計算步驟及其實用計算方法。 (2)研究并提出了一套全新的天文測量室內(nèi)仿真方案,可實現(xiàn)在室內(nèi)全天候、全地域和高效益開展天文測量訓練。 (3)實現(xiàn)了計算機內(nèi)部高精度時間提取,并用于天文測量室內(nèi)仿真系統(tǒng)的守時。通過串口通訊實現(xiàn)了系統(tǒng)的時間同步。研究了串口時延對時間同步的影響,并分析了時間比對和時間外推精度。 (4)研究并提出了基于地平坐標系的動態(tài)等角星圖模擬理論與方法,推導(dǎo)了全部計算公式,并編寫了動態(tài)等角星圖模擬軟件,實現(xiàn)了任意時刻、任意測站的實時動態(tài)等角星圖模擬。 (5)改進了圓視場搜索法并用于視場選星,采用改進后的優(yōu)化算法選星使得顯示天區(qū)變換時無需重復(fù)計算所有恒星視位置,有效地提高了選星速度。 (6)研究并提出了一種標定天文測量室內(nèi)仿真系統(tǒng)的方法——類后方交會法,通過測量屏幕上五個已知坐標的標志點,同時確定觀測儀器的三維位置和液晶屏幕的水平姿態(tài),很好地實現(xiàn)了系統(tǒng)的標定。 (7)通過論文研究,集成了天文測量室內(nèi)仿真系統(tǒng),并通過實測數(shù)據(jù)分析了天文經(jīng)緯度和天文方位角測量的精度。
[Abstract]:Astronomical measurement is a very high requirement for the operational stability of surveyors, skilled operation can not be separated from a large number of daily training. The current astronomical measurement training model is still completed on a clear night by observing the real star sky, which is restricted by weather conditions. Moreover, a site can only observe the local star sky, which is limited by regional conditions. The training efficiency and training effect are seriously affected. Therefore, this paper studies and puts forward the scheme of indoor simulation of astronomical measurement. Around this scheme, the paper first studies the equal-angle star map simulation technology, and realizes the simulation of real star sky. The accuracy of the simulated star map isobarameters is analyzed by the actual measurement. Then, the time synchronization technology and the system calibration method are studied, and the system time synchronization and system calibration are realized. The time synchronization and calibration accuracy of the system are analyzed through the measured data. Finally, the simulation system of astronomical measurement room is integrated with the astronomical measurement system based on Leica TM5100A electronic theodolite. The accuracy of astronomical longitude, latitude and astronomical azimuth measurement is analyzed through the measured data. The training of astronomical measurement is realized in indoor all-weather, all-region and high-benefit. The main research work and research results are as follows:. 1) the time system and its conversion relation, coordinate system and their transformation relation are introduced, and the calculating steps of star apparent position and its practical calculation method are expounded. 2) A new indoor simulation scheme of astronomical measurement is studied and put forward, which can realize the training of astronomical measurement all day, all region and high benefit. The time synchronization of the system is realized by means of serial communication. The influence of serial port delay on time synchronization is studied. Time comparison and time extrapolation accuracy are analyzed. In this paper, the theory and method of dynamic isometric star map simulation based on horizontal coordinate system are studied and put forward. All the calculation formulas are derived, and the simulation software of dynamic isometric star map is compiled to realize any time. Real-time dynamic isobaric star map simulation for arbitrary stations. (5) the circular field of view search method is improved and used to select stars in the field of view. The improved optimization algorithm is used to select stars so that the apparent positions of all stars need not be calculated repeatedly in the display area transformation, and the speed of star selection is improved effectively. In this paper, a method of calibrating the indoor simulation system of astronomical measurement is studied and put forward. By measuring the mark points of five known coordinates on the screen, the three-dimensional position of the observation instrument and the horizontal attitude of the liquid crystal screen are determined. The calibration of the system is well realized. Through the research of this paper, the simulation system of astronomical measurement room is integrated, and the precision of astronomical longitude, latitude and astronomical azimuth measurement is analyzed by the measured data.
【學位授予單位】：解放軍信息工程大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：P128.1

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)博士學位論文 前1條

1 原玉磊;魚眼相機恒星法檢校技術(shù)研究[D];解放軍信息工程大學;2012年

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本文編號：1664361