本文選題：CCD圖像處理　切入點(diǎn)：中值濾波　出處：《中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院（國(guó)家授時(shí)中心）》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近20年來(lái)，由于空間科學(xué)和天文學(xué)的發(fā)展需求以及觀測(cè)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，天體測(cè)量的觀測(cè)精度由幾十毫角秒提高到亞毫角秒；天體測(cè)量觀測(cè)的極限星等由11mag、12mag擴(kuò)展到20mag；觀測(cè)波段由單一的可見(jiàn)光波段發(fā)展到紫外、可見(jiàn)光、紅外、射電等多個(gè)波段。標(biāo)識(shí)上述發(fā)展的里程碑是VLBI技術(shù)的成熟、依巴谷星表的發(fā)表和CCD觀測(cè)技術(shù)的廣泛應(yīng)用。20世紀(jì)80年代末，依巴谷天體測(cè)量衛(wèi)星和哈勃空間望遠(yuǎn)鏡的發(fā)射，標(biāo)志著空間天體測(cè)量時(shí)代已經(jīng)到來(lái)，2013年12月成功發(fā)射的Gaia天體測(cè)量衛(wèi)星更是對(duì)天體測(cè)量學(xué)帶來(lái)了深遠(yuǎn)影響�？臻g天體測(cè)量學(xué)蓬勃發(fā)展的同時(shí)，地面天體測(cè)量學(xué)依然以其空間測(cè)量學(xué)不可替代的優(yōu)勢(shì)在天文學(xué)研究中扮演其重要角色。隨著新的觀測(cè)設(shè)備、技術(shù)的使用和與資料處理方法的不斷改進(jìn)，地面CCD光學(xué)觀測(cè)方面的研究工作得到了顯著進(jìn)展。高精度、高密度空間觀測(cè)星表更是為觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的定位精度提供了很好的保障，使得地面CCD光學(xué)觀測(cè)方面的研究工作得到了更大的發(fā)展。 本文正是基于現(xiàn)代地面天體測(cè)量學(xué)海量數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代的現(xiàn)狀，開(kāi)發(fā)研制了自動(dòng)化CCD圖像天體測(cè)量軟件ADIAS (Automatical CCD Digital ImageAstrometrical Software），將其實(shí)際應(yīng)用于天然衛(wèi)星和GEO衛(wèi)星的觀測(cè)資料處理中，并基于此高精度觀測(cè)資料進(jìn)行了海衛(wèi)一(Triton)的軌道改進(jìn)及GEO衛(wèi)星的聯(lián)合定軌研究。本文主要研究工作如下： 1．自動(dòng)化CCD圖像天體測(cè)量軟件（ADIAS）的研制 （1）提出通過(guò)合理設(shè)置濾波窗口，將中值濾波技術(shù)應(yīng)用于天文CCD圖像處理工作中。該方法被用以濾除宇宙線和椒鹽噪聲，以及產(chǎn)生平場(chǎng)改正圖像，并結(jié)合圖像增強(qiáng)方法，解決了天體測(cè)量工作中錯(cuò)過(guò)或者不能實(shí)時(shí)拍攝平場(chǎng)圖像的困難（限于目標(biāo)定位研究中）。為后期的星象定心算法的實(shí)現(xiàn)提供較為干凈的圖像，大大提高了圖像處理的效率； （2）完成了ADIAS軟件的研制。深入討論了該軟件設(shè)計(jì)中的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，，如星象識(shí)別算法、星象定心算法、參考星匹配算法等。結(jié)合國(guó)際通用軟件Astrometrica，對(duì)綜合定位結(jié)果進(jìn)行了比較，并給出了精度評(píng)估和分析。 2．天然衛(wèi)星Triton光學(xué)觀測(cè)及軌道改進(jìn) （1）基于大靶面高效率CCD，提出采用小口徑光學(xué)望遠(yuǎn)鏡對(duì)較亮天然衛(wèi)星進(jìn)行觀測(cè)的設(shè)想，并以Triton為觀測(cè)目標(biāo)進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)，其觀測(cè)資料與JPL歷表比較的結(jié)果充分驗(yàn)證了該設(shè)想的可行性。指出更多的小口徑光學(xué)望遠(yuǎn)鏡在大行星沖日期間實(shí)施對(duì)天然衛(wèi)星的光學(xué)觀測(cè)，可很大程度上豐富天然衛(wèi)星資料； （2）與法國(guó)學(xué)者G. Dourneau和英國(guó)學(xué)者D. Harper合作，利用國(guó)內(nèi)外30余年的多種類型的位置資料完成了Triton的軌道改進(jìn)工作。本次軌道改進(jìn)工作中，考慮了由于海王星極軸的歲差運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)Triton的影響。新的Triton歷表被法國(guó)天體測(cè)量與天體力學(xué)研究所(IMCCE)收錄至其網(wǎng)站，作為兩個(gè)Triton歷表之一，向研究者提供歷表下載服務(wù)； （3）利用新研制的ADIAS軟件測(cè)量并歸算了2007~2009年Triton的1095幅CCD觀測(cè)圖像，將位置資料與Jacobson(2009)和Zhanget al.(2014)兩種Triton歷表進(jìn)行比較，其結(jié)果表現(xiàn)出相當(dāng)好的吻合度，觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)與歷表理論數(shù)據(jù)的O-C值也充分表明了觀測(cè)資料的高精度。另外，借助于Triton的觀測(cè)資料，將現(xiàn)有的兩種Triton軌道模型及10種大行星歷表分別組合作為理論位置，與觀測(cè)資料進(jìn)行了比較，給出了比較結(jié)果和有益的建議。 3．GEO衛(wèi)星測(cè)角與測(cè)距資料聯(lián)合定軌 （1）針對(duì)光學(xué)測(cè)角系統(tǒng)實(shí)施觀測(cè)時(shí)，需確定所觀測(cè)目標(biāo)預(yù)報(bào)位置的實(shí)際需求，基于TLE文件完成了可視化GEO目標(biāo)位置預(yù)報(bào)軟件； （2）基于新研制的ADIAS軟件重新歸算了2010年4月28日~5月1日的光學(xué)測(cè)角觀測(cè)資料，并針對(duì)同屏多目標(biāo)圖像設(shè)計(jì)了高效同屏多目標(biāo)分離與歸類算法； （3）利用2010年4月28日~29日光學(xué)測(cè)角資料，完成了單站測(cè)角資料單獨(dú)定軌，單站測(cè)角資料分別與單站、雙站、多站測(cè)距數(shù)據(jù)聯(lián)合定軌，并進(jìn)行了精度評(píng)估和分析。單站光學(xué)測(cè)角資料與單站測(cè)距資料的聯(lián)合定軌，可以達(dá)到優(yōu)于5米的定軌精度，這將為更加有效的利用轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)式測(cè)軌站觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)提供很大幫助。
[Abstract]:In the past 20 years, due to the development needs of space science and Astronomy and observation technology, observation precision astrometry from dozens of milliarcsecond to sub milliarcsecond astrometry; observation of the limiting magnitude by 11mag, 12mag extended to 20mag; observation by a single band of visible light to ultraviolet visible. Light, infrared, radio and other bands. The development is the milepost mark the maturity of VLBI technology, CCD technology and published observations of the Hipparcos catalogue is widely used in.20 century at the end of 80s, the Hipparcos astrometry satellite and Harbert Space Telescope launched, marking the space astrometry era has arrived, Gaia astrometry satellite in December 2013 the launch is to Astrometry has brought profound influence. The rapid development of the science of space astrometry, ground astrometry is still in its space surveying irreplaceable The advantage of playing an important role in the study of astronomy. With the new observation equipment, improve the use of technology and data processing method, the research work on the ground CCD optical observation has been significant progress. High precision, high density spatial observation catalog is to provide a good guarantee for the positioning accuracy of observational data the research work, the ground CCD optical observation on the greater development.
This is the current era of massive data based on modern science ground astrometry, developed automatic CCD image astrometry software ADIAS (Automatical CCD Digital ImageAstrometrical Software), the observation data at its actual application in natural science and GEO satellites, and based on the high resolution data of Triton (Triton) study on the combined orbit determination and orbit improvement of GEO satellite. The main research work are as follows:
Development of 1. automated CCD image astrometry software (ADIAS)
(1) put forward by setting up reasonable filtering window, the median filter technology is applied to astronomical CCD image processing work. The method is used to eliminate cosmic ray and salt and pepper noise, and flat field correction image, and combining with the image enhancement method, to solve the wrong or not real-time shooting flat field image difficult astrometry in (limited to the research on the target location in the image.) provide more clean for the realization of the astrological centering algorithm, which greatly improves the efficiency of image processing;
(2) developed ADIAS software. Discusses the key technology of software design, such as image recognition algorithm, image centering algorithm, reference star matching algorithm. Combined with the software Astrometrica, the positioning results are compared, and gives the accuracy evaluation and analysis.
2. natural satellite Triton optical observation and orbit improvement
(1) a large target surface efficiency based on CCD, using small aperture optical telescope vision for a bright natural satellite, and with Triton as the target of the test, the observation data and JPL ephemeris results fully verify the feasibility of this design. It is pointed out that the small aperture optical telescope more optical observation the natural satellite during large red planet, can greatly enrich natural satellite data;
(2) and French scholar G. and British scholar Dourneau D. Harper cooperation, the use of various types of location information at home and abroad for more than 30 years to complete the Triton orbit improvement work. The improvement of track work, the influence of Neptune the polar axis of the precession of the equinoxes on Triton. The new Triton calendar by French astrometry with the Celestial Mechanics Research Institute (IMCCE) included to its website, as one of the two Triton calendar, calendar download service provided to researchers;
(3) using ADIAS software to measure the new and 1095 pieces of CCD images to 2007~2009: Triton, the position data and Jacobson (2009) and Zhanget al. (2014) two Triton calendar are compared, and the results show good agreement, observational data and theoretical data of the O-C calendar value fully shows the high accuracy of observation data. In addition, the observation data with the help of Triton, the two Triton orbital model and 10 kinds of existing large planetary table are combined as the theoretical position, compared with the observation data, gives a comparison of results and suggestions.
Joint orbit determination of 3.GEO satellite angle measurement and distance measurement data
(1) when observing the optical angle measuring system, we need to confirm the actual demand of the location of the observed target, and complete the visual GEO target location prediction software based on the TLE file.
(2) based on the newly developed ADIAS software, we re calculated the optical angle measurement data in April 28, 2010 ~5 1, and designed an efficient and multi-target separation and classification algorithm for the same screen and multi-target images.
(3) the April 28, 2010 ~29 optical data, complete the single station orbit angular data alone, single station angular data respectively with single station, double station, multi station location data combined orbit determination, and the accuracy of the evaluation and analysis. Combined orbit optical data and single station distance single station. The orbit accuracy can reach less than 5 meters, which will be more effective by forward orbit measuring station observation data to provide a lot of help.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院（國(guó)家授時(shí)中心）
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P12;P171.3

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