本文選題：伽利略　切入點(diǎn)：天文學(xué)成就　出處：《東華大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：伽利略(Galileo Galilei,1564-1642年)是意大利著名的科學(xué)家,對(duì)近代科學(xué)做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。本文選取以“伽利略天文學(xué)成就在中國(guó)的傳播”為研究對(duì)象,通過運(yùn)用查找史料、分類梳理、反思對(duì)比等方法對(duì)這個(gè)傳播過程進(jìn)行研究。 首先,本文總結(jié)出伽利略的天文學(xué)成就。伽利略天文學(xué)成就主要包括發(fā)明望遠(yuǎn)鏡、通過望遠(yuǎn)鏡做出的天文學(xué)新發(fā)現(xiàn)以及伽利略的天文學(xué)思想。伽利略在其《試金者》中誠(chéng)懇地回答了關(guān)于望遠(yuǎn)鏡的發(fā)現(xiàn)權(quán)和從朋友那得到消息給予自己的改造望遠(yuǎn)鏡的靈感。伽利略在《星際使者》中描述了發(fā)明望遠(yuǎn)鏡的整個(gè)過程,并且明確地指出在探討過地上的問題后,要開始探討天空的問題,這標(biāo)志著伽利略真正進(jìn)入了天文學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域。伽利略在《星際使者》中介紹了通過望遠(yuǎn)鏡做出的天文新發(fā)現(xiàn)。這些天文學(xué)新發(fā)現(xiàn)為伽利略的天文學(xué)思想提供了觀察證據(jù),他以此來駁斥亞里士多德-托勒密宇宙體系理論,從而達(dá)到為哥白尼體系辯護(hù)的目的。 其次,文章介紹了在“西學(xué)東漸”背景下,伽利略的天文學(xué)成就在中國(guó)的傳播。陽(yáng)馬諾撰寫的《天問略》主要介紹了伽利略對(duì)月面、金星相位、土星、木星的衛(wèi)星和星團(tuán)、銀河的觀察情況。鄧玉函撰寫的《測(cè)天約說》詳細(xì)地介紹了伽利略對(duì)太陽(yáng)黑子的觀察結(jié)果。羅雅谷的《五緯歷指》介紹伽利略的望遠(yuǎn)鏡比先前的裸眼觀測(cè)精度提高了許多,《月離歷指》介紹了運(yùn)用望遠(yuǎn)鏡觀察月亮的情況。湯若望的《遠(yuǎn)鏡說》詳細(xì)地介紹了望遠(yuǎn)鏡的制造和使用過程,湯若望在《恒星歷指》中介紹了伽利略對(duì)木星四顆衛(wèi)星的觀測(cè)材料,湯若望《主制群征》中介紹了對(duì)于木星觀測(cè)的情況,湯若望撰寫《歷法西傳》中也提到伽利略對(duì)天文學(xué)的貢獻(xiàn)。文章涉及中國(guó)人對(duì)于望遠(yuǎn)鏡的引入、制造和應(yīng)用的史料�？梢娫诿髂┣宄鯐r(shí),伽利略式望遠(yuǎn)鏡就已經(jīng)在中國(guó)傳播開來。伽利略天文學(xué)成就傳入中國(guó)后在一定程度上影響了中國(guó)天文學(xué)的發(fā)展,對(duì)于欽定第谷宇宙論為正法以及中國(guó)的歷法修訂起到了積極作用。 最后,文章在三個(gè)角度下對(duì)于伽利略天文學(xué)成就的傳播過程進(jìn)行了反思。第一,從哲學(xué)的認(rèn)識(shí)論入手把“伽利略相信所看到一切天文現(xiàn)象是真的”作為真理符合論的一個(gè)科學(xué)史案例,從兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行分析：其一是伽利略本人的科學(xué)求真精神,其二是伽利略對(duì)于望遠(yuǎn)鏡改造的過程。第二,分別從傳播的自然條件、傳播載體、傳播受眾以及伽利略本人的態(tài)度等四個(gè)方面比較了在中西傳播的異同。在自然條件、傳播載體中發(fā)現(xiàn)傳播的不同點(diǎn),在傳播受眾中發(fā)現(xiàn)了傳播的相同點(diǎn)。第三,從科技文化的背景下進(jìn)行思考,認(rèn)為中西方對(duì)于伽利略的天文學(xué)成就的接受也呈現(xiàn)出不同的結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:Galileo Galileier 1564-1642) is a famous Italian scientist who has made great contributions to modern science. Introspection contrast and other methods to study this process of communication. First of all, this paper summarizes Galileo's astronomical achievements. Galileo's astronomical achievements mainly include the invention of telescopes. New astronomical discoveries made through telescopes and Galileo's astronomical ideas. Galileo sincerely answered questions about the discovery rights of the telescope and the news from his friends that he was looking forward to his transformation. The inspiration of the Mirror. Galileo described the whole process of inventing the telescope in the Star Messenger. And clearly pointed out that after discussing the question of the earth, we should begin to discuss the question of the sky. This marked Galileo's real entry into the field of astronomical research. In Interstellar Messenger, Galileo introduced new astronomical discoveries made through telescopes, which provided observational evidence for Galileo's astronomical thinking. In this way, he refuted Aristotle-Ptolemy theory of the universe system, thus achieving the purpose of defending the Copernican system. Secondly, the article introduces the spread of Galileo's astronomical achievements in China against the background of "the gradual Development of Western Learning". Yangmano's Astrology mainly introduces Galileo's moon plane, Venus phase, Saturn, Jupiter moons and star clusters. The observations of the Milky way. Deng Yu-fung 's "the Theory of the Testament of the Sky" describes in detail Galileo's observation of sunspots. The fifth latitudes of the Valley of Riyadh introduces the accuracy of Galileo's telescope in comparison with previous naked eye observations. Much higher, "lunar calendar finger" introduced the use of telescopes to observe the moon. Tang Ruowang's "Telescope Theory" described in detail the manufacture and use of the telescope. Tang described Galileo's observations of Jupiter's four moons in Star Calendar, while Tang Ruowang described his observations of Jupiter in the main Group sign. Tang Ruowang's contribution to astronomy is also mentioned in Tang Ruowang's Biography of the Western Calendar. The article deals with the historical data of the introduction, manufacture and application of telescopes by the Chinese. It can be seen that in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Galileo telescopes have spread in China. Galileo's astronomical achievements have influenced the development of Chinese astronomy to a certain extent. It played an active role in the revision of the Chinese calendar. Finally, the paper reflects on the propagation process of Galileo's astronomical achievements from three angles. Starting with the epistemology of philosophy, Galileo regards Galileo's belief that all astronomical phenomena that he sees are true, as a case of scientific history of truth-conformity theory, and analyzes from two aspects: first, Galileo's spirit of seeking truth in science. The second is the process of Galileo's transformation of the telescope. Secondly, the author compares the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western communication from four aspects: the natural condition of communication, the carrier of communication, the audience of communication and the attitude of Galileo himself. In the communication carrier, we find the different points of communication, and find the same point in the communication audience. Thirdly, thinking from the background of science and technology culture, we think that the acceptance of Galileo's astronomical achievements in China and the West also presents different results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：P1

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