本文選題：觀測宇宙學　切入點：宇宙距離尺度　出處：《南京大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：觀測宇宙學在近十幾年內發(fā)展迅速。很多新鮮的觀測方法技術和探針被不斷地開發(fā),很多重要的科學發(fā)現(xiàn)也因此給我們對宇宙的認識帶來了革命性的影響。本文的工作主要基于對宇宙學探針數(shù)據(jù)的利用,從而進行連結理論與觀測的現(xiàn)象學研究。 第一章簡單介紹了我們兩方面工作的背景和研究動機。其一是關于使用宇宙距離二重性關系來檢驗星系團氣體質量分數(shù)的測量,另一是使用宇宙學觀測數(shù)據(jù)對中微子性質和暗能量狀態(tài)方程的聯(lián)合限制。 在第二章中,我們提出了針對一些目前在星系團中測量得到的X射線氣體質量分數(shù)(fgas)數(shù)據(jù)所進行的一致性檢驗。這種方法借助于Union2超新星的光度距離(DL)數(shù)據(jù),并使用宇宙距離二重性關系,ηtheory=DL(1+z)-2/DA。我們并不像之前的一些分析一樣給ηtheory設置一些紅移參數(shù)化形式,而是固定ηtheory≡1,進而提取fgas數(shù)據(jù)與超新星觀測同時偏好的宇宙學信息。在處理Union2超新星數(shù)據(jù)時,我們采用了取bin的方法,從而達到減小統(tǒng)計誤差的目的。四個X射線氣體質量分數(shù)樣本,即Allen等(兩個樣本)、LaRoque等和Ettori等,經(jīng)由兩種對fgas的理論模擬,在我們的工作中被細致地分析。對Allen等樣本的分析結果證實了我們這種方法的可行性。我們的分析給出LaRoque等的樣本所傾向的宇宙學與其參考宇宙學在1-σ置信度水平內吻合。但是對于Ettori等的fgas數(shù)據(jù)集,不自洽性可達高于3-σ置信度水平。此數(shù)據(jù)集展現(xiàn)出對ΩA=0宇宙學的特殊偏好。 第三章主要圍繞我們對中微子性質的宇宙學限制展開。使用很多宇宙學觀測數(shù)據(jù),包括宇宙微波背景輻射各向異性觀測(WMAP衛(wèi)星第7年數(shù)據(jù))、弱引力透鏡觀測(CFHTLS項目第3年數(shù)據(jù))、重子聲波震蕩觀測(SDSS和WiggleZ項目數(shù)據(jù))、最新的Hubble膨脹率的觀測、Union2.1Ia型超新星的觀測數(shù)據(jù)以及HST衛(wèi)星對Hubble常數(shù)的測量結果,我們對中微子的總質量參數(shù)(∑mv)、中微子的有效代數(shù)參數(shù)(Neff)和暗能量的狀態(tài)方程參數(shù)(w)進行分別的以及聯(lián)合的限制。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)如果Neff和w被固定不動,所有數(shù)據(jù)的確可以聯(lián)合給出一個∑mv的很低的上限。但是,一旦Neff和w可以自由變化,原先緊致的上限會遭到嚴重的削弱。我們的這一發(fā)現(xiàn),對之前所有文獻里所謂的“精確的中微子質量總和的上限”的嚴謹性提出了重大疑問。在我們的研究中,針對最一般性的情況(即使用所有的數(shù)據(jù),放開所有的參數(shù)),那三個關鍵參數(shù)的限制結果是∑mν=0.556+0.231-0.288eV、Neff=3.839±0.452和w=-1.058±0.088,在68%置信度區(qū)間。我們的結果給出了中微子總質量的1-σ下限、支持最近發(fā)現(xiàn)的偏離標準大爆炸核合成所預期的三味中微子的額外自由度、并且支持宇宙學常數(shù)暗能量模型。另外我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)如果暗能量狀態(tài)方程參數(shù)固定,目前的弱引力透鏡數(shù)據(jù)在限制其他宇宙學參數(shù)時體現(xiàn)出了一定的能力。同樣,在w=-1的前提下,Hubble膨脹率的觀測數(shù)據(jù)體現(xiàn)出了很多超越超新星數(shù)據(jù)的地方,尤其是其對Neff的精確限制。不過,只要w作為一個自由參數(shù)變化,始終是超新星這一標準燭光數(shù)據(jù)在參數(shù)限制中起主導作用。 最后我們對本文所介紹的工作加以總結,并提出研究展望。
[Abstract]:The observational cosmology developed rapidly in recent years. A lot of new observation methods and probe technology being developed, many important scientific discoveries and therefore to our understanding of the universe has brought a revolutionary influence. The main work of this paper is based on the use of probe data to cosmology, linking theory and observation of phenomenological research.
The first chapter briefly introduces the background of our two aspects of the work and motivation of the study. One is about the use of measurements of the cosmic distance duality relation to test the cluster gas mass fraction, the other is the use of cosmological observations combined data constraints on neutrino properties and the equation of state of dark energy.
In the second chapter, we put forward some present in the cluster are measured by X - ray gas mass fraction (fgas) consistency test of data. By this method in the luminosity distance Union2 supernova (DL) data, and using the cosmic distance duality relation, theory=DL (1+z) analysis before we don't like -2/DA. to set some parametric form of ETA theory redshift, but fixed ETA theory = 1, and the observation of supernova cosmology information and extracting fgas data at the same time preference. In the processing of Union2 supernova data, we used the methods of bin, in order to minimize the statistical error. Four X - ray gas mass fraction of samples, namely Allen (two samples), LaRoque and Ettori, through two kinds of simulation of fgas theory, by careful analysis in our work. The analysis results of Allen samples We confirmed the feasibility of this method. We analyzed LaRoque cosmology of the sample and reference tendency of cosmology in the 1- sigma level of confidence in agreement. But for the fgas Ettori data set, not self consistent is higher than that of 3- sigma confidence level. This data set to show special preference for A=0. Cosmology.
The third chapter focuses on our cosmological constraints on neutrino properties. Many cosmological observations, including the cosmic microwave background radiation anisotropy (WMAP satellite observation data of seventh years), weak lensing observations (CFHTLS project third years of data), baryon acoustic shock observation (SDSS and WiggleZ project, the latest observation data) Hubble the rate of expansion, measurement results of Hubble constant Union2.1I a supernova observational data and HST satellite, we might total quality parameters (sigma MV), effective algebraic parameters of neutrinos (Neff) and parameters of the dark energy equation of state (W) respectively and combined with constraints. We found that if Neff and the W is fixed, all data can indeed be combined to give a sigma MV very low limit. However, when Neff and W are free to change the original compact limit will be severely weakened. It found that, prior to the so-called "total neutrino mass accurate limit" in the literature all rigor presents great doubt. In our study, according to the general situation (i.e. using all the data, the release of all parameters), the three key parameters of the limit results is m v =0.556+0.231-0.288eV, Neff=3.839 + 0.452 and w=-1.058 + 0.088, 68% confidence interval. Our results are given 1- sigma lower total neutrino mass, additional degrees of freedom in support of the recent discovery of deviation from the standard Big Bang nucleosynthesis expected three neutrino, and supports the cosmological constant dark energy model. In addition we also found that if the dark energy equation of state parameter fixed, weak lensing data present in other cosmological parameters show a certain ability. Similarly, in the w=-1 under the premise of the Hubble expansion rate of view The measurement data reflect many places beyond the supernova data, especially its precise restriction on Neff. However, as long as w changes as a free parameter, the standard candlelight data always play a leading role in the parameter restriction.
Finally, we summarize the work introduced in this paper and put forward the prospect of the research.

【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P159

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