發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-18 10:28

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：黑洞溫度修正與黑洞壽命的研究　出處：《廣州大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 黑洞 霍金輻射 量子隧穿 溫度修正 黑洞壽命

【摘要】：黑洞的霍金輻射是理論物理學(xué)科的一個(gè)重要發(fā)現(xiàn)，它是廣義相對(duì)論、量子力學(xué)以及熱力學(xué)的結(jié)合產(chǎn)物。1970年霍金突破性的提出面積定理，指出黑洞的表面積隨著時(shí)間的推移只會(huì)增大而不會(huì)減小。1972年貝肯斯坦提出，黑洞是一個(gè)熱力學(xué)系統(tǒng)，黑洞的表面積就是黑洞的熵，因此黑洞的視界表面積與黑洞的熵成正比[1]。1974年霍金利用彎曲時(shí)空的量子場(chǎng)論，從理論上證明黑洞具有熱輻射，即著名的霍金輻射，并給出了黑洞的溫度�；艚鸬陌l(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)一步證實(shí)了黑洞并不是一個(gè)死了的恒星，它正在演化，是一個(gè)熱力學(xué)系統(tǒng)[2]。 對(duì)黑洞熵的研究是理論物理學(xué)界感興趣的課題之一。為了討論其統(tǒng)計(jì)起源，1985年，t‘Hooft提出了計(jì)算黑洞熵的磚墻模型[3-8]，2000年，北京師范大學(xué)引力組提出了改進(jìn)的磚墻模型[9,10]---薄層模型[11,14]。這種模型推斷黑洞熵來(lái)自視界面附近一個(gè)薄層的量子場(chǎng)的貢獻(xiàn)。無(wú)論是磚墻模型還是改進(jìn)的薄層模型，都認(rèn)為黑洞熵正比于黑洞視界面積。最近的研究表明，考慮到視界附近的量子效應(yīng)，黑洞熵應(yīng)增加兩個(gè)高階修正項(xiàng)[15,17]，利用修正之后的黑洞熵公式就可以對(duì)黑洞的溫度進(jìn)行修正，并且在修正黑洞溫度的情況下可以利用斯特藩-玻爾茲曼定律重新計(jì)算黑洞壽命。利用黑洞熵的高階修正還可以討論由此而產(chǎn)生的一系列相關(guān)問(wèn)題。 本文在總結(jié)了碩士研究生階段的研究工作，即在利用黑洞熵量子修正的前提條件下，對(duì)黑洞溫度以及黑洞壽命變化進(jìn)行了修正性的推導(dǎo)計(jì)算。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，黑洞蒸發(fā)到普朗克質(zhì)量時(shí)，溫度將出現(xiàn)無(wú)限大，再減小質(zhì)量時(shí)將出現(xiàn)負(fù)溫，此時(shí)黑洞熵也將出現(xiàn)極小值。本文共分三章，，其具體內(nèi)容包括： 第一章簡(jiǎn)要介紹了黑洞研究的歷史以及霍金輻射機(jī)制的由來(lái)以及研究背景，并介紹了量子隧穿的幾種模型的理論基礎(chǔ)以及其發(fā)展歷史。 第二章在黑洞熵具有量子修正的情況下，對(duì)黑洞溫度進(jìn)行更加精確的修正，并對(duì)由此引起的黑洞壽命變化做了重新計(jì)算。另外還討論了在黑洞質(zhì)量變化時(shí)，相對(duì)應(yīng)的黑洞溫度以及黑洞熱容的變化趨勢(shì)。 第三章對(duì)本文的工作進(jìn)行總結(jié)和展望，并提出了今后工作的相關(guān)設(shè)想。
[Abstract]:Hawking radiation from black holes is an important discovery in theoretical physics. It is a combination of general relativity quantum mechanics and thermodynamics. In 1970 Hawking put forward a breakthrough area theorem. It is pointed out that the surface area of black hole will only increase but not decrease with time. In 1972, Beckenstein proposed that black hole is a thermodynamic system, and the surface area of black hole is the entropy of black hole. Therefore, the surface area of the event horizon of the black hole is proportional to the entropy of the black hole. [In 1974 Hawking made use of the quantum field theory of curved spacetime to prove theoretically that a black hole has heat radiation known as Hawking radiation. And the temperature of the black hole is given. Hawking's discovery further proves that the black hole is not a dead star, it is evolving, it is a thermodynamic system. [2]. The study of black hole entropy is one of the topics of interest to theoretical physics. In 1985, in order to discuss its statistical origin, Hooft proposed a brick wall model for calculating black hole entropy. [In 2000, the Gravity Group of Beijing normal University proposed an improved brick wall model. [9 ~ 10] -Thin-layer model. [The model inferred that the black hole entropy was contributed by a quantum field of a thin layer near the visual interface, whether it was a brick wall model or an improved thin layer model. It is believed that the entropy of black hole is proportional to the area of event horizon. Recent studies have shown that considering the quantum effect near the event horizon, the entropy of black hole should be increased by two higher-order correction terms. [By using the modified black hole entropy formula, the temperature of the black hole can be corrected. Furthermore, the black hole lifetime can be recalculated by using Staffan-Boltzmann 's law when the temperature of the black hole is corrected, and a series of related problems can be discussed by using the higher-order correction of the black hole entropy. In this paper, we summarize the research work of the master's degree, that is, under the precondition of using the black hole entropy quantum correction, we calculate the black hole temperature and the black hole lifetime change. When the black hole evaporates to Planck mass, the temperature will be infinite, and then the mass will be negative, and the black hole entropy will be minimized. This paper is divided into three chapters, the specific contents of which are as follows: The first chapter briefly introduces the history of black hole research, the origin and background of Hawking radiation mechanism, and introduces the theoretical basis and development history of several models of quantum tunneling. In the second chapter, when the entropy of black hole has quantum correction, the temperature of black hole is corrected more accurately, and the black hole lifetime change caused by it is recalculated. In addition, when the mass of black hole changes, we also discuss the change of black hole mass. The corresponding change trend of black hole temperature and black hole heat capacity. The third chapter summarizes and prospects the work of this paper, and puts forward some related ideas for future work.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P145.8

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 趙崢,桂元星;四維穩(wěn)態(tài)偽黎曼時(shí)空中的Hawking輻射[J];Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics;1983年02期

2 趙崢;四維靜態(tài)黎曼時(shí)空中的Hawking輻射[J];物理學(xué)報(bào);1981年11期

本文編號(hào)：1440561