發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-01 08:30

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：半分析方法及其在地球衛(wèi)星軌道長(zhǎng)期演化中的性能評(píng)估　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 半分析法 地球衛(wèi)星軌道 長(zhǎng)期預(yù)報(bào) 適用性

【摘要】：這篇論文根據(jù)作者在碩士生期間參加的一項(xiàng)課題撰寫(xiě)而成,旨在研究半分析方法運(yùn)用于地球衛(wèi)星軌道長(zhǎng)期預(yù)報(bào)的性能(速度和精度),并給出半分析法針對(duì)不同類(lèi)型軌道可供參考的精度和速度。第一章緒論部分。首先,介紹了本課題的背景,即為了能夠充分掌握空間目標(biāo)的長(zhǎng)期演化規(guī)律和分布情況,需要對(duì)它們的軌道進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)期預(yù)報(bào),考慮到速度和精度的實(shí)際需求,半分析方法是一種十分合適的預(yù)報(bào)手段。雖然半分析法不是一種新方法,但是幾乎找不到定量評(píng)估其性能的文獻(xiàn),這給一些實(shí)際應(yīng)用造成了困難。在這樣的前提下,我們定量分析了半分析法在常用地球衛(wèi)星軌道中的精度和速度,該結(jié)果可以幫助我們了解半分析法在長(zhǎng)期預(yù)報(bào)中的適用性。其次,介紹了半分析方法目前國(guó)內(nèi)外的研究情況。最后,簡(jiǎn)單介紹了論文中用到的時(shí)間系統(tǒng)、坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)、攝動(dòng)方程和單位系統(tǒng)。第二章介紹現(xiàn)有衛(wèi)星預(yù)報(bào)方法。眾所周知,衛(wèi)星軌道預(yù)報(bào)實(shí)為求解一個(gè)常微初值問(wèn)題的方程組,目前較為流行的有三種做法,即數(shù)值法、分析法和半分析法。數(shù)值法,即利用數(shù)值積分器一步步外推初始根數(shù),直到到達(dá)預(yù)報(bào)時(shí)間點(diǎn)。該方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是實(shí)現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)單,精度高,缺點(diǎn)則是計(jì)算耗時(shí)較長(zhǎng)。分析法,即顯式地給出各個(gè)根數(shù)在受攝二體問(wèn)題下的分析解,由于已經(jīng)給出了攝動(dòng)解,所以在有了初始根數(shù)的情況下,可以方便地直接給出預(yù)報(bào)時(shí)間點(diǎn)處的根數(shù)。它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是速度快,因?yàn)椴挥孟駭?shù)值法一樣一步一步外推,缺點(diǎn)則是受到收斂弧段的限制預(yù)報(bào)時(shí)間不宜過(guò)長(zhǎng),一般情況下為103弧段(歸一化單位下)。半分析法利用數(shù)值方法積分平均化后的動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)。求解則采用數(shù)值法外推,因此可以想象其精度優(yōu)于分析法而速度將優(yōu)于數(shù)值法。半分析法的核心內(nèi)容就是如何得到平均化右函數(shù),因此著重介紹了分析平均和數(shù)值平均兩種平均化方法,并簡(jiǎn)單比較了兩者的性能,闡述了最終選擇分析平均的理由。第三章各攝動(dòng)力在半分析法中的處理。本章依次介紹非球形、第三體、光壓、大氣在半分析法中的具體處理細(xì)節(jié)。每新增一個(gè)攝動(dòng)源的同時(shí),將半分析法應(yīng)用于不同高度衛(wèi)星,以便直觀地了解新的攝動(dòng)源帶來(lái)的動(dòng)力學(xué)特征以及對(duì)于精度和速度的影響。第四章將半分析方法運(yùn)用于不同類(lèi)型軌道。首先,通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的算例給出半分析法不同軌道高度適合的非球形引力階次。而后,將完整力模型的半分析方法運(yùn)用于不同類(lèi)型地球衛(wèi)星軌道,研究在不同初始根數(shù)a,i的組合下,半分析法在100年尺度長(zhǎng)期預(yù)報(bào)中的精度。地球衛(wèi)星軌道按高度主要?jiǎng)澐譃榈蛙?有大氣),低軌(無(wú)大氣),12小時(shí)中軌及24小時(shí)高軌地球同步。通過(guò)比較大量的算例后發(fā)現(xiàn),相比于數(shù)值法,半分析法100年尺度下瞬時(shí)根數(shù)a,e,i的精度誤差在O(10-3)量級(jí),Ω的精度誤差在10°之內(nèi)。雖然右函數(shù)精確到二階的半分析法在大部分情況下都表現(xiàn)出了良好的性能,但是仍然會(huì)遇到一些特殊算例,半分析法的表現(xiàn)不盡如人意。這些算例有些伴隨著特殊的動(dòng)力學(xué)現(xiàn)象,有些則歸咎于處理方法上的原因。前者,我們?cè)诒菊轮芯徒o出了解釋?zhuān)缓笳?我們將在第五章中提出合理的解決方案。第五章特殊問(wèn)題討論。首先解釋了第四章中傾角i=90°時(shí)半分析精度下降問(wèn)題,而后給出了大偏心率軌道的處理方法,接著討論了坐標(biāo)系附加攝動(dòng)中的補(bǔ)充項(xiàng)在半分析法中是否有必要添加,最后討論了低軌根數(shù)誤差圖中的“島狀”結(jié)構(gòu)成因。文章針對(duì)不同類(lèi)型的地球衛(wèi)星軌道,定量地展示了半分析法100年尺度長(zhǎng)期預(yù)報(bào)的性能。當(dāng)然這里只是一些基礎(chǔ)性的精度和速度的討論,半分析法的應(yīng)用范圍遠(yuǎn)不止如此,比如衛(wèi)星碰撞后碎片分布的快速估計(jì),空間目標(biāo)編目中的定軌、關(guān)聯(lián)等。希望本文的工作可以給相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的工作者起到一定借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:This paper according to the author in the master a subject in writing during a performance to study the semi analysis applied to long-term earth satellite orbit prediction (speed and accuracy), and gives a semi analytic method for different types of track reference accuracy and speed. The first chapter is the introduction part. First, introduced. The background of this project, the long-term evolution and distribution in order to be able to fully grasp the space target, they need to track the long-term forecast, considering the actual demand of speed and accuracy, the semi analytical method is a suitable forecasting means ten. Although the semi analytic method is a new method, but rarely found to evaluate quantitatively the performance of literature, which caused difficulties for some practical applications. In this context, we quantitatively analyzed the semi analysis method commonly used in the earth satellite orbit in precision and speed, The applicability of the results can help us understand the semi analytical method in the long-term forecast. Secondly, the semi analytical method of research at home and abroad. Finally, briefly introduces the time system of paper used in the coordinate system, perturbation equation and unit system. The second chapter introduces the existing satellite prediction method. As everyone knows, equation group is a satellite orbit prediction solving ordinary differential initial problems, the more popular there are three approaches, namely numerical method, analytical method and semi analytical method. The numerical method, namely the use of numerical integrator step by step extrapolation of initial root number, until the arrival of the forecast time. This method is simple, high precision the disadvantage is that, long calculation time. Analysis is given to show the number of each root analysis in the perturbed two body problem solution, as has been given a perturbation solution, so in the initial number of roots under the condition that the party can Give forecast time point. It is the root number advantage is speed, not because of the same step by step extrapolation like numerical method, the disadvantage is that by the convergence of arc limit prediction time should not be too long, generally 103 arcs (normalized units). By using the method of dynamic system analysis the numerical method of integral average. After is solved by numerical method of extrapolation, so you can imagine its precision analysis and speed will be better than the numerical method. The core content of semi analytic method is how to get the average of the right function, so the article introduces two kinds of numerical analysis and the average average average method, and compares the two the performance, describes the final choice analysis of average reason. In the third chapter, the perturbation analysis method in processing power in half. This chapter introduces the non spherical, third body, light pressure, atmospheric specific in the semi analysis method in detail. Every new perturbation source at the same time, the application of semi analysis method in different altitude satellite, in order to intuitively understand the dynamic characteristics of moving source perturbation brings and the influence on the precision and speed. The fourth chapter will analysis methods used in different types of rail. First of all, through simple numerical example gives the semi analytic method different orbit height for non spherical gravitation order. Then, the semi analytical method of complete stress model used in different types of satellite orbit, research in different initial root number a, the combination of I, the accuracy of semi analytical method in the long-term 100 year scale forecast. The earth satellite orbit is mainly divided into the low in height rail (air), Leo (without air), 12 hours and 24 hours in orbit for high orbit geostationary. By comparing a large number of examples that, compared to the numerical method, the semi analytical method of instantaneous root 100 years scale number a, e, I of the precision of the error in O (10-3) The magnitude of error, Omega in 10 deg.. Although the semi analytical method for two order accurate to the right function in most cases showed a good performance, but will still encounter some special examples, semi analytic method is unsatisfactory. It is accompanied by some special reasons some dynamical phenomena. Is responsible for processing methods. The former, in this chapter we give the explanation; the latter, we will put forward reasonable solutions in the fifth chapter. The fifth chapter discusses the special problems. The fourth chapter firstly explains the inclination of i=90 degrees and semi analytical accuracy, then the processing method of large eccentricity the track, then discussed the coordinate additional perturbations in the supplementary terms in the semi analysis whether it is necessary to add, finally discussed the low orbit error root number chart in the "island" structure. The reasons for different types. The ball satellite orbit, quantitatively demonstrate the performance of semi analytical method for 100 years scale long-term forecast. Of course there are only some of the accuracy and speed of the discussion, the scope of application of semi analytical method is far more than that, such as rapid estimation of debris distribution satellite collision, orbit, space object catalogue in relation to. Reference is hoped that this work can give workers in the field.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P173

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