【摘要】：目的:在當(dāng)今運(yùn)動員膳食供應(yīng)中,存在對高蛋白飲食認(rèn)識上的分歧,明確蛋白質(zhì)營養(yǎng)對于運(yùn)動的意義。資料來源:應(yīng)用計算機(jī)檢索Pubmed數(shù)據(jù)庫和搜索引擎檢索1988-01/2003-12期間氨基酸與運(yùn)動關(guān)系方面的文獻(xiàn),檢索詞為“Protein,AminoAcid,Exercise”,限定文章語言種類為英文。資料選擇:對資料進(jìn)行初審,選擇氨基酸與運(yùn)動關(guān)系方面的研究。資料提煉:共收集相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)47篇,剔除重復(fù)文獻(xiàn),按上述標(biāo)準(zhǔn)納入22篇,研究性論文中對比、盲法、隨機(jī)法不限制。資料綜合:本文參閱近年來的國外有關(guān)研究文獻(xiàn),對近年來被實際運(yùn)用的一些運(yùn)動后營養(yǎng)補(bǔ)充策略進(jìn)行了評價。對于耐力或力量訓(xùn)練的運(yùn)動員,日均最大蛋白質(zhì)需求是1.2～1.7g/kg體質(zhì)量。只要遵循營養(yǎng)原則,其他的熱能營養(yǎng)素供應(yīng)充足,膳食蛋白質(zhì)就能滿足這一蛋白質(zhì)需求。氨基酸是機(jī)體熱能的次要來源,通常氨基酸提供的熱能只占攝入熱能總量的5%。如果在運(yùn)動恢復(fù)的前2～5h內(nèi)間隔15～30min給予1.2g/kg體質(zhì)量的碳水化合物,那么補(bǔ)充蛋白質(zhì)并不能刺激肌糖元合成速度的增加。如果在恢復(fù)過程的早期缺少食物或者攝入糖類過少,那么攝入蛋白質(zhì)或特定氨基酸可以加速肌糖元合成。在高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動恢復(fù)期前幾個小時攝入必須的氨基酸當(dāng)量為0.1g/kg體質(zhì)量的飲料,在肌肉組織會產(chǎn)生短暫的正氮平衡。結(jié)論:無論是對于急性運(yùn)動還是長期運(yùn)動,在運(yùn)動恢復(fù)過程中對于營養(yǎng)補(bǔ)充的時間、蛋白質(zhì)或氨基酸構(gòu)成模式仍沒有形成定論。仍有兩個領(lǐng)域受到廣泛關(guān)注:一是長時間運(yùn)動后肌糖元的再合成問題;二是大強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動后肌肉蛋白更新。
[Abstract]:Objective: to clarify the significance of protein nutrition to exercise. Data sources: Pubmed database and search engine were used to search the literature on the relationship between amino acid and exercise in the period 1988-01 / 2003-12. The key word was "Protein,AminoAcid,Exercise" and the language of the article was limited to English. Data selection: the relationship between amino acids and exercise was studied. Data extraction: a total of 47 articles were collected and 22 articles were included according to the above criteria. Blind and random methods were not limited. Data synthesis: in this paper, some post-exercise nutrition supplement strategies which have been used in practice in recent years are evaluated by referring to the relevant foreign research literatures in recent years. For endurance or strength training athletes, the maximum daily protein demand is 1.2~1.7g/kg body mass. As long as nutritional principles are followed, other thermal nutrients are sufficient, and dietary protein can meet this protein requirement. Amino acids are a secondary source of heat energy, usually accounting for only 5 percent of total energy intake. If 15~30min was given carbohydrates of 1.2g/kg body mass at the interval of 5 hours before exercise recovery, protein supplementation could not stimulate the increase of muscle glycogen synthesis rate. If there is a lack of food or too little sugar in the early stages of recovery, protein or specific amino acids can accelerate muscle glycogen synthesis. The intake of drinks with essential amino acid equivalent of 0.1g/kg body mass a few hours before the recovery period of high intensity exercise produces a transient positive nitrogen balance in muscle tissue. Conclusion: whether for acute exercise or long-term exercise, the pattern of protein and amino acid composition has not been concluded in the course of exercise recovery. There are still two areas of attention: one is the resynthesis of muscle glycogen after prolonged exercise, the other is the renewal of muscle protein after intensive exercise.
【作者單位】： 無錫商業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院
【分類號】：R87

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