【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)信息化水平的不斷提升,以及高校數(shù)字化、智能化校園建設(shè)進(jìn)程的不斷推進(jìn),高校教師和學(xué)生利用圖書(shū)館的方式也在悄然發(fā)生著的變化,高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站的用戶(hù)接待量逐年遞增,對(duì)網(wǎng)站建設(shè)水平和接待能力都提出了更高的要求。目前大多數(shù)高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站的建設(shè)和管理者,還主要將精力投放在高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站的美觀性、宣傳性方面,對(duì)高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站可用性的認(rèn)識(shí)及研究還遠(yuǎn)有引起相關(guān)各方的足夠重視。 一直以來(lái),我們認(rèn)為高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站面向的是本校的教職工和學(xué)生,對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)圖書(shū)館是不可替代的。近些年來(lái),網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)術(shù)搜索引擎、學(xué)術(shù)社區(qū)的興起吸引著越來(lái)越多的科研人員。高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站的可用性如果不高,也足以將其用戶(hù)推向如Google Scholar、小木蟲(chóng)之類(lèi)的網(wǎng)上學(xué)術(shù)門(mén)戶(hù),如此則高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站就走上了一條被邊緣化的道路。 目前國(guó)外對(duì)高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站可用性問(wèn)題的研究,無(wú)論在研究視角、研究思路、模型構(gòu)建,還是評(píng)價(jià)方法的運(yùn)用上,均呈現(xiàn)出多樣化的態(tài)勢(shì)。而我國(guó)對(duì)高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站可用性的相關(guān)研究還處于吸收和借鑒國(guó)外研究成果的階段,目前主要涉及基于信息構(gòu)建的可用性研究、基于界面設(shè)計(jì)的可用性研究和基于檢索效率的可用性研究三個(gè)方面,針對(duì)高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站的可用性研究還有待深入、全面地開(kāi)展。 本研究將與高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站可用性評(píng)價(jià)密切相關(guān)的三個(gè)基礎(chǔ)性問(wèn)題作為研究核心,具體是：1)高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站的使用境況研究；2)高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站可用性的維度構(gòu)成及其影響要素研究；3)高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站可用性評(píng)價(jià)模型及其有效性檢驗(yàn)。分析過(guò)程及研究結(jié)論如下： 1)高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站的使用境況方面 可用性問(wèn)題是與用戶(hù)的任務(wù)和使用環(huán)境密切關(guān)聯(lián)的,從工效學(xué)的視角看,高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站建設(shè)者的用戶(hù)模型須與用戶(hù)對(duì)網(wǎng)站的心理模型保持一致。從信息任務(wù)的視角看,高可用性的網(wǎng)站應(yīng)該按照反映用戶(hù)任務(wù)并與用戶(hù)任務(wù)匹配的方式來(lái)構(gòu)建。 本研究在使用境況分析上主要關(guān)注高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站的界面要素、用戶(hù)特征及用戶(hù)使用傾向／偏好等。針對(duì)高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站的用戶(hù)使用和欄目設(shè)置形成專(zhuān)題調(diào)查問(wèn)卷：在欄目設(shè)置的調(diào)查上,所有題項(xiàng)及選項(xiàng)均出自于國(guó)家首批9所985高校的圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站；在用戶(hù)使用的調(diào)查上,則著重了解用戶(hù)的使用目的、習(xí)慣和偏好。 對(duì)問(wèn)卷數(shù)據(jù)采用描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)、探索性因子分析等方法,經(jīng)分析得出如下結(jié)論：(1)資源與服務(wù)類(lèi)欄目應(yīng)當(dāng)在高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站的首頁(yè)面占據(jù)重要地位；(2)概況與推介類(lèi)欄目在高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站的首頁(yè)面被過(guò)多地呈現(xiàn)；(3)二級(jí)欄目的展開(kāi)程度向概況與推介類(lèi)欄目側(cè)重的情況比較嚴(yán)重；(4)展開(kāi)項(xiàng)在7個(gè)及以上的二級(jí)欄目存在著較大的簡(jiǎn)化和優(yōu)化空間；(5)高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站的欄目名稱(chēng)需考慮用戶(hù)的接受程度；(6)高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站建設(shè)應(yīng)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注主要用戶(hù)群體的功能期望和使用習(xí)慣。 2)高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站可用性的維度構(gòu)成及其影響要素方面 考慮到高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站的可用性評(píng)價(jià)研究是無(wú)法經(jīng)由完全的經(jīng)驗(yàn)分析而完成的,且影響一個(gè)網(wǎng)站可用性的要素似乎是不可窮盡的,因此,本研究引入了科學(xué)的研究和分析方法,以提煉關(guān)鍵因素,消除直覺(jué)或經(jīng)驗(yàn)研究帶來(lái)的主觀隨意性。 本研究在綜合相關(guān)研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,針對(duì)高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站的可用性問(wèn)題,提煉出了25個(gè)測(cè)量項(xiàng)。對(duì)形成的問(wèn)卷進(jìn)行了預(yù)檢驗(yàn)后進(jìn)行了發(fā)放,回收的有效問(wèn)卷經(jīng)四輪的探索性因子分析,觀察變量由25依次精簡(jiǎn)為20、19、17個(gè),最終17個(gè)影響高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站可用性的觀察變量被清晰地劃分到了4個(gè)公因子/潛在變量(或可用性維度)下面。 依據(jù)網(wǎng)站可用性的4個(gè)維度,將高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站的可用性維度命名為：主觀滿(mǎn)意度、有效性、可學(xué)習(xí)性、效率,同時(shí),也獲得了高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站可用性評(píng)價(jià)模型的因子結(jié)構(gòu),并依此模型提出了高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站可用性評(píng)價(jià)的21個(gè)研究假設(shè)。 此外,本研究將性別、身份、學(xué)科背景、上網(wǎng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)、使用高校圖書(shū)館的頻率這五個(gè)控制變量也引入了理論模型,采用方差分析,研究各潛在變量在每個(gè)控制變量不同取值分組上的均值之間是否具有統(tǒng)計(jì)意義上的顯著差異,以驗(yàn)證個(gè)體特征對(duì)各個(gè)潛在變量的控制效應(yīng)。得出如下結(jié)論：(1)以性別和學(xué)科背景為分組變量的方差分析結(jié)果是,性別和學(xué)科背景對(duì)可用性各潛在變量的影響無(wú)顯著差異；(2)以用戶(hù)身份、上網(wǎng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和使用頻率為分組變量的方差分析結(jié)果是,用戶(hù)身份、上網(wǎng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和使用頻率對(duì)可用性各潛在變量的影響有顯著差異。 3)高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站可用性評(píng)價(jià)模型及其有效性檢驗(yàn)方面 在實(shí)際的應(yīng)用中,從某一樣本數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)探索性分析而獲得的模型,必須經(jīng)另一樣本的驗(yàn)證分析,才能確立此模型的適用性。本研究針對(duì)高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站的可用性評(píng)價(jià)也進(jìn)行了兩次調(diào)查,利用第一次調(diào)查的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了探索性因子分析,利用第二次調(diào)查的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證性因子分析,形成一個(gè)完整的閉環(huán)研究程式,以保證研究方法的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性、科學(xué)性。 驗(yàn)證性因子模型的檢驗(yàn)經(jīng)一階模型的設(shè)定、估計(jì)、擬合、修正及再檢驗(yàn),最終提出了一個(gè)二階四因子模型(模型4)。在綜合考慮模型簡(jiǎn)約度和擬合優(yōu)度的基礎(chǔ)上,本研究將高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站的可用性評(píng)價(jià)模型確定為模型4,并將其作為實(shí)證研究結(jié)論的基礎(chǔ)。 根據(jù)模型4的檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果,本文經(jīng)第一次調(diào)查問(wèn)卷的探索新因子分析而提出的21個(gè)研究假設(shè)均獲得了模型4的強(qiáng)支持。不僅如此,在模型2、3、4中均呈現(xiàn)顯著的4條新增路徑顯示：路徑長(zhǎng)度與點(diǎn)擊成本之間、服務(wù)反饋速度與等待成本之間、記憶負(fù)擔(dān)與認(rèn)知負(fù)荷之間、認(rèn)知負(fù)荷與易用程度之間均存在顯著的共變關(guān)系,這些新增路徑是需要進(jìn)一步探索的研究結(jié)論。 (1)論文提出將用戶(hù)的使用境況納入網(wǎng)站的可用性評(píng)價(jià)范疇,并通過(guò)問(wèn)卷調(diào)查和數(shù)據(jù)分析,刻畫(huà)了高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站的使用境況；(2)論文運(yùn)用人機(jī)工效學(xué)的理論方法進(jìn)行可用性評(píng)價(jià)要素的提煉和分析,采用結(jié)構(gòu)模型分析方法構(gòu)建出了一個(gè)適宜于高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站的可用性評(píng)價(jià)模型并對(duì)所構(gòu)建的模型進(jìn)行了檢驗(yàn)；(3)論文通過(guò)將可用性評(píng)價(jià)模型的檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果與使用境況調(diào)研結(jié)果的整合分析歸結(jié)出了高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站的可用性提升方案。 本文綜合分析前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,綜合運(yùn)用了文獻(xiàn)綜述法、問(wèn)卷調(diào)查法、數(shù)據(jù)分析與檢驗(yàn)法等多種研究方法,利用SPSS20.0和AMOS20.0為數(shù)據(jù)分析工具,將可用性境況的調(diào)查研究與可用性模型的構(gòu)建和檢驗(yàn)整合起來(lái),針對(duì)高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站,發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些實(shí)際存在的可用性問(wèn)題,并根據(jù)分析數(shù)據(jù)提出了高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站的可用性提升方案,力求最大化其整合分析效能,所獲得的研究結(jié)論和分析發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)高校圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)站的可用性理論研究和建設(shè)實(shí)踐有一定的借鑒性和參考性。
[Abstract]:With the continuous improvement of the level of social informationization, as well as the digitalization of colleges and universities, the process of intelligent campus construction, college teachers and students are quietly changing the way to use the library, the user reception of university library website is increasing year by year, which puts forward higher requirements for the level of website construction and reception capacity. At present, most of the construction and managers of University libraries'Websites mainly focus on the aesthetic and propaganda aspects of University libraries' websites. The understanding and Research on the usability of University libraries'websites are still far from being paid enough attention by relevant parties.
In recent years, the rise of academic search engines and academic communities has attracted more and more researchers. If the usability of university library websites is not high, it is enough to push its users to. Online academic portals such as Google Scholar and Little Wooden Bug have led to the marginalization of University Library websites.
At present, foreign research on the usability of university library websites shows a diversified trend, no matter in the research perspective, research ideas, model construction, or the application of evaluation methods. Based on the usability research of information construction, the usability research based on interface design and the usability research based on retrieval efficiency, the usability research of university library website needs to be carried out thoroughly and comprehensively.
This study will focus on three basic issues closely related to the usability evaluation of University Library websites, which are: 1) the study of the usage situation of University Library websites; 2) the study of the dimension composition and its influencing factors of University Library websites; 3) the evaluation model and its effectiveness of University Library Websites The process and conclusions of the study are as follows:
1) the use of university library websites.
Usability is closely related to user's task and use environment. From the perspective of ergonomics, the user model of university library website builder must be consistent with the user's psychological model of the website. To build.
This study focuses on the user interface elements, user characteristics and user preferences of University Library websites. A special questionnaire is formed to investigate the user use and column settings of University Library websites. In the survey of users'usage, the focus is on the purpose, habits and preferences of users.
By using descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis, this paper draws the following conclusions: (1) the columns of resources and services should occupy an important position in the front page of the website of University libraries; (2) overview and promotion columns are overrepresented on the front page of the website of University libraries; (3) the development of secondary columns. It is more serious to lay stress on the general situation and promotion columns; (4) there is a large space for simplification and optimization of the expansion items in seven or more secondary columns; (5) the column names of university library websites should consider the degree of acceptance of users; (6) the construction of university library websites should focus on the functional expectations of major user groups and Usage habits.
2) the dimensions of university library website usability and its influencing factors.
Considering that the research on the usability evaluation of University libraries'websites can not be completed by full empirical analysis, and the factors affecting the usability of a website seem to be inexhaustible, this study introduces scientific research and analysis methods to refine the key factors and eliminate the subjective arbitrariness brought about by intuitive or empirical research.
On the basis of relevant research results, this study abstracts 25 items of measurement for the usability of University Library websites. After pre-testing the questionnaire, the valid questionnaires are distributed. After four rounds of exploratory factor analysis, the observed variables are reduced from 25 to 20, 19, 17 in turn, and finally 17 influence universities. The observational variables of library website usability are clearly divided into four common/potential variables (or usability dimensions).
According to the four dimensions of website usability, this paper names the usability dimensions of university library website as subjective satisfaction, effectiveness, learnability and efficiency, and obtains the factor structure of University Library Website Usability Evaluation model. Based on this model, 21 research hypotheses of university library website usability evaluation are put forward.
In addition, this study introduces the five control variables of gender, identity, academic background, Internet experience and the frequency of using University Libraries into the theoretical model. The variance analysis is used to study whether there are significant statistical differences between the mean values of each potential variable in different value groups of each control variable in order to verify the individual characteristic pairs. The results are as follows: (1) The variance analysis with gender and subject background as grouping variables shows that gender and subject background have no significant effect on the potential variables of usability; (2) The variance analysis with user identity, Internet experience and frequency as grouping variables shows that user identity is the most important factor. Net experience and usage frequency have significant differences in availability of potential variables.
3) usability evaluation model and validity inspection of university library website.
In practical application, the model obtained from exploratory analysis of one sample data must be verified and analyzed by another sample to establish the applicability of the model.This study also conducted two surveys on the usability evaluation of University Library websites, using the first survey data for exploratory factor analysis, using the first survey data. The data of the second survey were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis, and a complete closed-loop research program was formed to ensure the rigor and scientificity of the research method.
After setting, estimating, fitting, revising and re-testing the first-order model, a second-order four-factor model (model 4) is proposed. On the basis of considering the simplicity and goodness of fit of the model, this study determines the usability evaluation model of university library website as model 4 and takes it as an empirical study. Conclusion is the basis.
According to the test results of model 4, 21 research hypotheses proposed by exploring new factor analysis in the first questionnaire obtained strong support from model 4. Moreover, in model 2, 3 and 4, there were four significant new paths: between path length and click cost, between service feedback speed and waiting cost, and between memory There is a significant covariant relationship between burden and cognitive load, and between cognitive load and ease of use. These new paths need to be further explored.
(1) The paper puts forward that the user's usage situation should be included in the usability evaluation category of the website, and describes the usage situation of the university library website through questionnaire survey and data analysis; (2) The paper uses ergonomics theory to refine and analyze the usability evaluation elements, and constructs a structure model analysis method. A usability evaluation model suitable for University libraries'websites is proposed and tested. (3) By integrating the results of usability evaluation model with the results of usage survey, the paper concludes the usability promotion scheme of University libraries' websites.
Based on the comprehensive analysis of predecessors'research results, this paper uses various research methods such as literature review, questionnaire survey, data analysis and test, and uses SPSS20.0 and AMOS20.0 as data analysis tools to integrate the research on usability situation with the construction and test of usability model, aiming at University Library website. This paper finds out some practical usability problems, and puts forward a scheme of improving the usability of university library website according to the analysis data, in order to maximize its integration and analysis efficiency. The research conclusions and analysis findings have certain reference value for the usability theory research and construction practice of University Library website.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G250.7

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