發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-16 22:38

  本文選題：遠(yuǎn)程教育 + 問(wèn)答系統(tǒng)�。� 參考：《廣西師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)與因特網(wǎng)的迅速發(fā)展,人們愈來(lái)愈多的借助搜索引擎來(lái)查詢網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的各種信息,然而搜索引擎存在很多弊端,首先,它返回給用戶大量相關(guān)和無(wú)關(guān)的網(wǎng)頁(yè),用戶需要從這些網(wǎng)頁(yè)中進(jìn)一步的篩選信息；其次,幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵字的組合很難清楚的表達(dá)用戶檢索意圖,同時(shí),基于關(guān)鍵字的索引,匹配算法不涉及語(yǔ)義,很難提高檢索的效果。因此,探索更人性化、更高效的搜索引擎具有十分重要的意義。而問(wèn)答系統(tǒng)是集知識(shí)表示、信息檢索和自然語(yǔ)言處理為一體的,能更好的滿足用戶的檢索需求,已經(jīng)成為新的研究熱點(diǎn)。 另一方面,網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的發(fā)展使遠(yuǎn)程教育被越來(lái)越多的人接受,遠(yuǎn)程教學(xué)突出的特點(diǎn)是時(shí)空的分離,教師與學(xué)生之間缺乏有效的溝通。智能問(wèn)答系統(tǒng)結(jié)合自然語(yǔ)言處理技術(shù)能對(duì)用戶自然語(yǔ)言形式的提問(wèn)進(jìn)行理解,并給出簡(jiǎn)潔、明確的回答,能夠很好的解決遠(yuǎn)程教學(xué)中學(xué)生的答疑問(wèn)題。 目前,基于自然語(yǔ)言理解的中文問(wèn)答系統(tǒng)很少而且準(zhǔn)確率都不高,主要困難在于知識(shí)庫(kù)的構(gòu)建和計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)用戶問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)義理解。本文研究的問(wèn)答系統(tǒng)是基于本體知識(shí)庫(kù)和句型模板的。首先,論文以本體技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)構(gòu)建了領(lǐng)域本體知識(shí)庫(kù),在本體構(gòu)建中利用Tbox中已有的概念和關(guān)系定義了抽象概念,抽象概念的定義克服了對(duì)復(fù)雜概念進(jìn)行表示的困難,能滿足用戶對(duì)概念定義與特征的提問(wèn)；其次,論文選用基于語(yǔ)義塊的句型模板匹配方法,在句型模板的定義時(shí),新增了同義語(yǔ)義模板,定義了主題語(yǔ)義塊、特征語(yǔ)義塊、疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)義塊、輔助語(yǔ)義塊,并制定了用戶問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)義塊識(shí)別規(guī)則,提出了句型模板相似度計(jì)算方法；然后,設(shè)計(jì)了基于本知識(shí)庫(kù)和句型模板的問(wèn)答系統(tǒng)模型,該模型在問(wèn)句理解、本體知識(shí)庫(kù)等方面進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),在很大程度上提高了問(wèn)答系統(tǒng)的準(zhǔn)確率；最后利用該模型實(shí)現(xiàn)了面向《大學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)基礎(chǔ)》的問(wèn)答系統(tǒng)。 論文主要做了以下幾個(gè)方面的工作： 一、系統(tǒng)闡述問(wèn)答系統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。分析了問(wèn)答系統(tǒng)的國(guó)內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀,以及問(wèn)答系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)涵、研究的主要內(nèi)容,并探討了中文自動(dòng)問(wèn)答系統(tǒng)研究的難點(diǎn)。根據(jù)本論文的研究方向,著重介紹了本體和領(lǐng)域知識(shí)庫(kù)的主要內(nèi)容,以及相關(guān)的漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言處理技術(shù),包括現(xiàn)有的分詞算法和問(wèn)句理解方法等。 二、構(gòu)建基于本體的知識(shí)庫(kù)。本體知識(shí)庫(kù)有利于知識(shí)的組織、管理、維護(hù)以及實(shí)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)義查詢和推理。論文在本體構(gòu)建方面的最大特點(diǎn)是定義了基于特殊關(guān)系的抽象概念,抽象概念是利用Tbox中已有的概念和關(guān)系進(jìn)行定義的,它能清晰的表達(dá)復(fù)雜概念,更好的滿足了用戶的提問(wèn)。論文中介紹了常用的本體構(gòu)建方法,通過(guò)比較這些方法的特點(diǎn),我們選擇知識(shí)工程方法構(gòu)建了《大學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)基礎(chǔ)》領(lǐng)域本體知識(shí)庫(kù)。 三、理解用戶問(wèn)句語(yǔ)義。本論文采用基于語(yǔ)義塊句型模板匹配方法,在定義句型模板的結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),新增了同義語(yǔ)義模板,定義了主題語(yǔ)義塊、特征語(yǔ)義塊、疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)義塊、輔助語(yǔ)義塊,其中只有主題語(yǔ)義塊和特征語(yǔ)義塊對(duì)用戶問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)義特征有影響,結(jié)合論文語(yǔ)義塊的定義的特點(diǎn),制定了語(yǔ)義塊識(shí)別規(guī)則。在用戶問(wèn)句模板與句型模板庫(kù)中模板匹配時(shí),提出了模板相似度計(jì)算,在很大程度上提高了提取用戶問(wèn)句語(yǔ)義特征的成功率,放寬了匹配尺度,盡可能的回答用戶的提問(wèn)。 四、基于本體知識(shí)庫(kù)和句型模板的問(wèn)答系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)。本文設(shè)計(jì)的問(wèn)答系統(tǒng)模型,在問(wèn)句理解、本體知識(shí)庫(kù)等方面進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),系統(tǒng)是由前臺(tái)的自然語(yǔ)言界面和后臺(tái)的領(lǐng)域本體知識(shí)庫(kù)構(gòu)成。自然語(yǔ)言理解界面主要是獲取用戶的問(wèn)句,并采用我們基于語(yǔ)義塊的句型模板匹配算法獲取用戶提問(wèn)的語(yǔ)義；對(duì)后臺(tái)領(lǐng)域本體知識(shí)庫(kù)的主要操作是查詢和推理,獲得了問(wèn)句的準(zhǔn)確語(yǔ)義后,根據(jù)不同的語(yǔ)義信息采用相應(yīng)的查詢形式對(duì)本體知識(shí)庫(kù)進(jìn)行查詢與推理,將查詢到的結(jié)果重新組織,并返回給用戶。最后利用該模型實(shí)現(xiàn)了面向《大學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)基礎(chǔ)》的問(wèn)答系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)不僅能對(duì)實(shí)例進(jìn)行查詢,還能回答對(duì)概念定義與特征的提問(wèn),可以很好的應(yīng)用于教學(xué)領(lǐng)域,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)學(xué)生問(wèn)題的答疑。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of computer technology and Internet , people increasingly use search engines to query various kinds of information on the network . However , the search engine has many disadvantages . First , it returns to users a large number of relevant and unrelated web pages , and users need further screening information from these pages ;
Secondly , it is very difficult to express the user ' s intent to express the user ' s intention . At the same time , it is very difficult to improve the retrieval effect based on the keyword - based index and the matching algorithm . Therefore , it is very important to explore the more humanized and more efficient search engine .

On the other hand , the development of the network technology has made the distance education more and more accepted , the remote teaching is characterized by the separation of time and space , and the lack of effective communication between teachers and students . The intelligent question and answer system combines the natural language processing technology to understand the question of the form of the user ' s natural language .

At present , the Chinese question and answer system based on natural language understanding is little and the accuracy rate is not high , the main difficulty lies in the construction of the knowledge base and the semantic understanding of the user question sentence . The question and answer system of this paper is based on ontology knowledge base and sentence template . Firstly , this paper constructs the domain ontology knowledge base on the basis of ontology technology .
Secondly , the thesis selects a sentence pattern matching method based on semantic block . When the sentence template is defined , a synonym template is added to define the semantic block , the feature semantic block , the question semantic block , the auxiliary semantic block and the semantic block recognition rule of the user question sentence , and the similarity calculation method of the sentence template is proposed .
Then , a question - and - answer system model based on this knowledge base and sentence template is designed . The model improves the question sentence understanding , ontology knowledge base and so on , and improves the accuracy of the question - and - answer system to a great extent ;
Finally , we use the model to realize the question - and - answer system of the computer - based curriculum of the university .

The thesis mainly focuses on the following aspects :

Firstly , the system expounds the basic knowledge of the question and answer system , analyzes the research situation of the question and answer system at home and abroad , and the connotation of the question and answer system , and discusses the difficulties in the research of the Chinese automatic question answering system . According to the research direction of this paper , the main contents of the ontology and the domain knowledge base and the related Chinese language processing techniques are emphatically introduced , including the existing word segmentation algorithm and the question sentence understanding method .

Second , the ontology - based knowledge base is constructed . The ontology knowledge base is beneficial to the organization , management , maintenance of knowledge and the realization of semantic query and reasoning .

The thesis adopts semantic block - based template matching method . When defining the structure of the sentence pattern template , the semantic block recognition rules are defined . Only the subject semantic block and the characteristic semantic block have an influence on the semantic features of the user ' s question sentence .

4 . The design and implementation of a question and answer system based on ontology knowledge base and sentence template . A question and answer system model is designed in this paper . It is composed of natural language interface of foreground and ontology knowledge base in the background .
The main operation of ontology knowledge base in the background field is querying and reasoning , obtaining the exact semantics of the question sentence , querying and reasoning the ontology knowledge base according to different semantic information , re - organizing the inquired result and returning to the user .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TP391.1

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