發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-01 03:22

  本文選題：海洋生物 + 生物多樣性信息學(xué)��； 參考：《生物多樣性》2014年03期

【摘要】：海洋生物多樣性甚高,但卻飽受人為的破壞及干擾。目前全球最大的含點(diǎn)位數(shù)據(jù)的在線開放性數(shù)據(jù)庫是海洋生物地理信息系統(tǒng)(OBIS),共約12萬種3,700萬筆資料;另一個(gè)較大的數(shù)據(jù)庫世界海洋生物物種登錄(WoRMS)已收集全球22萬種海洋生物之物種分類信息。除此之外,以海洋生物為主的單一類群的數(shù)據(jù)庫只有魚庫(FishBase)、藻庫(AlgaeBase)及世界六放珊瑚(Hexacorallians of the World)3個(gè)�？珙惾杭翱珀懞Ｓ虻娜蛐晕锓N數(shù)據(jù)庫則甚多,如網(wǎng)絡(luò)生命大百科(EOL)、全球生物物種名錄(CoL)、整合分類信息系統(tǒng)(ITIS)、維基物種(Wikispecies)、ETI生物信息(ETI Bioinformatics)、生命條形碼(BOL)、基因庫(GenBank)、生物多樣性歷史文獻(xiàn)圖書館(BHL)、海洋生物庫(SeaLifeBase);海洋物種鑒定入口網(wǎng)(Marine Species Identification Portal)、FAO漁業(yè)及水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖概要(FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Fact Sheets)等可查詢以分類或物種解說為主的數(shù)據(jù)庫。全球生物多樣性信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)(GBIF)、發(fā)現(xiàn)生命(Discover Life)、水生物圖庫(AquaMaps)等則是以生態(tài)分布數(shù)據(jù)為主,且可作地理分布圖并提供下載功能,甚至于可以改變水溫、鹽度等環(huán)境因子的參數(shù)值,利用既定的模式作參數(shù)改變后之物種分布預(yù)測(cè)。谷歌地球(Google Earth)及國家地理(National Geographic)網(wǎng)站中的海洋子網(wǎng)頁,以及珊瑚礁庫(ReefBase)等官方機(jī)構(gòu)或非政府組織之網(wǎng)站,則大多以海洋保育的教育倡導(dǎo)為主,所提供的信息及素材可謂包羅萬象,令人目不暇給。更令用戶感到方便的是上述許多網(wǎng)站或數(shù)據(jù)庫彼此間均已可交互鏈接及查詢。另外,屬于搜索引擎的谷歌圖片(Google Images)與谷歌學(xué)術(shù)(Google Scholar)透過海洋生物數(shù)據(jù)庫所提供的直接鏈接,在充實(shí)物種生態(tài)圖片與學(xué)術(shù)論文上亦發(fā)揮極大幫助,讓用戶獲得豐富多樣的信息。為了保育之目的,生物多樣性數(shù)據(jù)庫除了整合與公開分享外,還應(yīng)鼓勵(lì)并推薦大家來使用。本文乃舉Rainer Froese在巴黎演講之內(nèi)容為例,介紹如何使用海洋生物多樣性之?dāng)?shù)據(jù)來預(yù)測(cè)氣候變遷對(duì)魚類分布的影響。最后就中國大陸與臺(tái)灣目前海洋生物多樣性數(shù)據(jù)庫的現(xiàn)況、兩岸的合作及如何與國際接軌作介紹。
[Abstract]:Marine biodiversity is very high, but suffered from man-made damage and interference. At present, the largest online open database with point data in the world is the Marine Life Geographic Information system (MGIs), which contains about 120000 species and 37 million items of data. Another large database, the World Marine species Registry (WoRMS), has collected information on the classification of 220000 species of marine life around the world. In addition, there are only three databases for a single group of marine organisms, such as Fish Base, Algae Base and Hexacorallians of the World). There are many global databases of species across groups and oceans, For example, EOLO, Global Directory of Biological species, Integrated Classification Information system (ITISI), Wikispecies / ETI Bioinformatics, Life Barcode Bol, GenBank, Biodiversity History Library BHLB, SeaLifeBaseBase; The species identification entrance net of Species Identification Portala can query the database of classification or explanation of species, such as FAO fishery and aquiculture summary. The Global Biodiversity Information Network (GBIFN) found that life is Discover Life, AquaMapsand so on are mainly based on ecological distribution data, and can make geographical distribution maps and provide download functions, and can even change the parameters of environmental factors such as water temperature, salinity, etc. The established model is used to predict the species distribution after parameter change. The ocean subpages of Google Earth and National Geographic, as well as the websites of official agencies or non-governmental organizations such as ReefBase.com, are mostly educational advocates of marine conservation, and the information and materials available are comprehensive. It's too much to see. What is more convenient for users is that many of these websites or databases can be interlinked and queried. In addition, Google Images, a search engine, and Google Scholar, a search engine, have provided direct links through marine biological databases to help enrich species ecological images and academic papers, giving users a wealth of information. In addition to integration and public sharing, biodiversity databases should be encouraged and recommended for conservation purposes. This paper introduces how to use marine biodiversity data to predict the impact of climate change on the distribution of fish, taking Rainer Froese's speech in Paris as an example. Finally, the current situation of marine biodiversity databases between mainland China and Taiwan, the cooperation between the two sides and how to connect with the world are introduced.
【作者單位】： 中研院生物多樣性研究中心;
【分類號(hào)】：Q178.53

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本文編號(hào)：1962662