本文選題：網(wǎng)絡(luò) + 文字作品　； 參考：《中國社會(huì)科學(xué)院研究生院》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：著作權(quán)集體制度起源于18世紀(jì)，如今很多國家在著作權(quán)管理中都引入了該制度。在著作權(quán)集體管理中，著作權(quán)人通常通過信托方式將作品的著作權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓給著作權(quán)集體管理組織，然后再由著作權(quán)集體管理組織對(duì)使用人進(jìn)行授權(quán)。 從著作權(quán)集體管理制度的發(fā)展歷程來看，很多國家都是從音樂作品的著作權(quán)集體管理開始的，這主要是因?yàn)榭萍歼M(jìn)步使得音樂作品的復(fù)制、傳播變得便捷。在信息技術(shù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的發(fā)展及大規(guī)模應(yīng)用前，對(duì)文字作品進(jìn)行復(fù)制、傳播并不是容易的事，，除了需要昂貴的設(shè)備、復(fù)雜的操作外，復(fù)制后的文字作品的傳播范圍也很有限。但在信息技術(shù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的發(fā)展及大規(guī)模應(yīng)用后，文字作品的復(fù)制、傳播變得輕而易舉，這些變化不僅帶來了網(wǎng)絡(luò)上侵權(quán)文字作品的泛濫，也對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的出版社的運(yùn)營模式提出了挑戰(zhàn)�；谄渥陨淼奶攸c(diǎn)，由著作權(quán)集體管理組織來對(duì)文字作品進(jìn)行管理可以對(duì)文字作品的著作權(quán)提供有效的保護(hù)。 在開放的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境中，文字作品是以數(shù)字形式進(jìn)行傳播的，網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶可以輕松地進(jìn)行發(fā)表、轉(zhuǎn)載、傳播作品等活動(dòng)，這使得網(wǎng)絡(luò)中文字作品資源極大豐富的同時(shí)也存在眾多的著作權(quán)侵權(quán)行為。為應(yīng)對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下著作權(quán)管理面對(duì)新問題，很多政府和國際組織和做了很多努力，WCT和WPPT中提出的“向公眾傳播權(quán)”就是非常重要的成果之一，各WCT、WPPT成員國結(jié)合自身的實(shí)際情況做出了相應(yīng)的規(guī)定。要發(fā)揮著作權(quán)集體管理制度的作用，著作權(quán)補(bǔ)償金制度是必不可少的，并且應(yīng)有順應(yīng)時(shí)代的發(fā)展。 在網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境中，不同于傳統(tǒng)的文字作品的傳播途徑有很多。搜索引擎、個(gè)人網(wǎng)站、博客、BBS都極少涉及著作權(quán)的集體管理制度，更多的關(guān)注是通過技術(shù)措施、行政手段加以保護(hù)。文學(xué)網(wǎng)站、數(shù)據(jù)庫、文檔分享平臺(tái)、P2P技術(shù)及其他大量使用文字作品的網(wǎng)站則很有必要引入著作權(quán)集體管理制度。 要適應(yīng)信息技術(shù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的發(fā)展帶來的變革，著作權(quán)集體組織需要有所行動(dòng)，包括提供標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、自動(dòng)化的服務(wù)，使用新的技術(shù)措施，主動(dòng)接收各方的監(jiān)督并積極參與構(gòu)建適合于網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境的著作權(quán)法律框架。
[Abstract]:The collective copyright system originated in the 18 th century and has been introduced into copyright management in many countries. In the collective management of copyright, the copyright owner usually transfers the copyright of the work to the copyright collective management organization through trust, and then the copyright collective management organization authorizes the user. From the perspective of the development of the copyright collective management system, many countries begin with the collective management of the copyright of music works, which is mainly due to the scientific and technological progress that makes the reproduction and dissemination of music works convenient. Before the development and large-scale application of information technology and network technology, it is not easy to copy and disseminate the text works. In addition to the expensive equipment and complex operation, the scope of the copied text works is also very limited. However, with the development and application of information technology and network technology, the reproduction and dissemination of written works become easy. These changes have not only brought the flood of infringing text works on the Internet. Also put forward the challenge to the operation mode of the traditional publishing house. Based on its own characteristics, the collective management organization of copyright can provide effective protection for the copyright of written works. In an open network environment, text works are disseminated in digital form. Internet users can easily publish, reprint, and disseminate works. This makes the network text resources are extremely rich, but also there are a lot of copyright infringement. In order to deal with the new problems of copyright management in the network environment, many governments and international organizations have made a lot of efforts. The "right to communicate to the public" proposed in WCT and WPPT is one of the most important achievements. Each WCTU WPPT member country has made the corresponding stipulation according to its own actual situation. In order to play the role of copyright collective management system, copyright compensation system is essential, and should conform to the development of the times. In the network environment, there are many ways of communication different from the traditional writing works. Search engines, personal websites, blog BBS are rarely involved in the collective management of copyright, more attention is through technical measures, administrative measures to protect. Literature websites, databases, document sharing platforms, P2P technology and other sites which use a lot of text works are necessary to introduce the copyright collective management system. To adapt to the changes brought about by the development of information technology and network technology, copyright collective organizations need to take action, including the provision of standardized, automated services, the use of new technological measures, To actively receive supervision from all parties and actively participate in the construction of a copyright legal framework suitable for the network environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國社會(huì)科學(xué)院研究生院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D923.41

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