本文選題：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)智商 + 人工智能��； 參考：《北京交通大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：人工智能未來發(fā)展對于人類可能產(chǎn)生的威脅,目前越來越多的科學(xué)家和企業(yè)家表達(dá)了擔(dān)心和憂慮,由此產(chǎn)生的人工智能威脅論引發(fā)了社會巨大爭議。這爭議背后本質(zhì)上是人工智能系統(tǒng)能否定量評測的課題,本文以此問題作為研究的起點和基礎(chǔ),分析了評測人工智能智力發(fā)展水平面臨的困難挑戰(zhàn),認(rèn)為當(dāng)前智能概念定義不清：人類智商測試與人工智能系統(tǒng)評測方法不統(tǒng)一；人工智能系統(tǒng)自身技術(shù)限制等諸多因素是造成上述問題的關(guān)鍵。雖然前人科學(xué)家已經(jīng)為人工智能的評價體系做出了大量有意義的工作,但定量分析人工智能系統(tǒng)的智力水平問題一直存在瓶頸沒有解決。在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)快速發(fā)展的背景下,本文針對人工智能系統(tǒng)定量評測課題開展了以下工作并產(chǎn)生的創(chuàng)新點有：(1)在人工智能與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大數(shù)據(jù)深度結(jié)合,“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)虛擬大腦”架構(gòu)等研究基礎(chǔ)上,提出了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)及其應(yīng)用也存在智力水平不斷發(fā)展的問題。由此產(chǎn)生并定義了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)智商和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用的智商。(2)為解決統(tǒng)一測試人工智能系統(tǒng)和人類智力水平,建立“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)智能系統(tǒng)模型”,對人工智能系統(tǒng)和人類等生命系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)一描述,本文同時建立了“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)智能系統(tǒng)知識交互模型”、“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)智能系統(tǒng)的評測模型”、“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)智能機”和“擴展馮諾依曼模型”。(3)在“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)智能系統(tǒng)模型”基礎(chǔ)上,制定了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)智商量表和評測方法,開發(fā)通用智力評測系統(tǒng),使之能夠同時對搜索引擎等人工智能系統(tǒng),人類測試者進(jìn)行測試,自動生成題庫,自動計算其互聯(lián)網(wǎng)智商。(4)利用開發(fā)的智力評測系統(tǒng)對世界50個搜索引擎和3個不同年齡段人類測試者進(jìn)行測試,形成互聯(lián)網(wǎng)絕對智商和離差智商排名。應(yīng)用K-means算法進(jìn)行聚類分析；應(yīng)用支持向量機等算法驗證聚類方法的有效性；應(yīng)用分層抽樣方法驗證互聯(lián)網(wǎng)智商測試題庫的穩(wěn)定性。根據(jù)測試結(jié)果對搜索引擎等系統(tǒng)未來發(fā)展提出建議,提出重點發(fā)展“知識的創(chuàng)新能力”可以幫助搜索引擎大幅度提高其智能水平。
[Abstract]:At present, more and more scientists and entrepreneurs have expressed their worries and worries about the threats that artificial intelligence may pose to human beings in the future, and the artificial intelligence threat theory has aroused great controversy in society.This controversy is essentially a question of whether artificial intelligence systems can be quantitatively evaluated. This paper takes this issue as the starting point and basis of the research, and analyzes the difficult challenges faced in evaluating the intelligence development level of artificial intelligence.It is considered that the concept of intelligence is not clearly defined, that the testing of human intelligence quotient is not consistent with the evaluation method of artificial intelligence system, and that many factors, such as the technical limitation of artificial intelligence system itself, are the key to the above problems.Although previous scientists have done a lot of meaningful work for the evaluation system of artificial intelligence, the problem of quantitative analysis of the intelligence level of artificial intelligence system has not been solved.In the context of the rapid development of the Internet, the following work has been carried out in this paper for the quantitative evaluation of artificial intelligence systems and the resulting innovations are: (1) the deep integration of artificial intelligence and Internet big data.On the basis of the research on the architecture of Internet virtual brain, it is pointed out that the intelligence level of the Internet and its applications is developing continuously.Thus, the Internet IQ and the intelligence quotient of Internet applications are defined. In order to solve the problem of unified testing of artificial intelligence system and human intelligence level, a "standard intelligent system model" is established.This paper gives a unified description of artificial intelligence system and human life system. At the same time, this paper establishes "Standard Intelligent system knowledge interaction Model", "Standard Intelligent system Evaluation Model","Standard Smart Machine" and "extended von Neumann Model". On the basis of "Standard Intelligent system Model", we developed the Internet IQ scale and evaluation method, and developed a universal intelligence evaluation system.To make it possible to test artificial intelligence systems such as search engines, human testers, and automatically generate question banks,Automatic calculation of its Internet IQ. 4) using the developed intelligence evaluation system to test 50 search engines around the world and 3 human testers of different ages to form the Internet absolute IQ and deviated IQ rankings.K-means algorithm is used to cluster analysis, support vector machine and other algorithms are used to verify the validity of the clustering method, and stratified sampling method is used to verify the stability of the Internet IQ test question bank.According to the test results, this paper puts forward some suggestions for the future development of search engine and other systems, and points out that the emphasis on developing "knowledge innovation ability" can help search engine to improve its intelligence level greatly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TP391.3;TP18

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