【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)水利工程事業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展,越來(lái)越多的超長(zhǎng)水工隧洞相繼開(kāi)挖,但由于長(zhǎng)大隧洞洞內(nèi)特殊的測(cè)量環(huán)境,導(dǎo)致仍然有一些亟待解決的測(cè)量技術(shù)難題。針對(duì)長(zhǎng)大隧洞測(cè)量控制工程實(shí)踐當(dāng)中所面臨的一系列問(wèn)題,迫切需要進(jìn)行一些相應(yīng)的研究及探討,盡快形成科學(xué)合理的洞內(nèi)外測(cè)量控制方法和技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并指導(dǎo)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工。鑒于此,本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容包括以下幾點(diǎn):第一,介紹了根據(jù)洞外GPS網(wǎng)誤差嚴(yán)密計(jì)算橫向貫通誤差影響值的方法,同時(shí),詳細(xì)介紹了自由測(cè)站精密三角高程測(cè)量方法,并比較了精密三角高程測(cè)量試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與二等水準(zhǔn)測(cè)量結(jié)果的差異情況。第二,提出了顧及對(duì)中誤差影響的平面控制網(wǎng)精度仿真計(jì)算方法,完善了控制網(wǎng)精度仿真計(jì)算理論�；谠摲抡嬗�(jì)算新技術(shù),提出了洞內(nèi)橫向貫通誤差預(yù)計(jì)的新方法;分別就測(cè)距誤差、方向測(cè)量誤差和對(duì)中誤差對(duì)橫向擺動(dòng)的影響單獨(dú)進(jìn)行了仿真計(jì)算,結(jié)果表明測(cè)距誤差對(duì)橫向擺動(dòng)影響極小,方向測(cè)量誤差和對(duì)中誤差對(duì)橫向擺動(dòng)影響很大;通過(guò)改變導(dǎo)線網(wǎng)橫向間距大小的計(jì)算實(shí)驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明此項(xiàng)技術(shù)改進(jìn)在盡量避免了旁折光影響的同時(shí),還不會(huì)降低控制網(wǎng)的橫向精度。第三,對(duì)垂線偏差影響聯(lián)系測(cè)量精度的情況進(jìn)行了定性的分析,得出最好的避免垂線偏差影響的洞外控制點(diǎn)布點(diǎn)方式;然后設(shè)計(jì)了進(jìn)洞聯(lián)系測(cè)量試驗(yàn),對(duì)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析,得出了最優(yōu)的進(jìn)洞聯(lián)系測(cè)量及其數(shù)據(jù)處理方法;對(duì)洞內(nèi)導(dǎo)線網(wǎng)加測(cè)陀螺邊的情況進(jìn)行了仿真計(jì)算,確定了最佳的陀螺定向邊加測(cè)位置;同時(shí),分析了顧及陀螺邊定向誤差時(shí)陀螺邊的加測(cè)對(duì)導(dǎo)線網(wǎng)精度的影響情況,結(jié)果表明,陀螺邊的加測(cè)對(duì)于控制洞內(nèi)導(dǎo)線網(wǎng)橫向擺動(dòng)有著顯著的優(yōu)化作用。
[Abstract]:With the vigorous development of water conservancy projects in our country, more and more super-long hydraulic tunnels have been excavated one after another, but because of the special measurement environment in the long and large tunnels, there are still some technical problems to be solved urgently. In view of a series of problems faced in the practice of long tunnel survey and control engineering, it is urgent to carry out some corresponding research and discussion, form scientific and reasonable measurement and control methods and technical standards inside and outside the tunnel as soon as possible, and guide the field construction. In view of this, the main research contents of this paper include the following points: first, the method of calculating the influence value of transverse penetration error according to the error of GPS net outside the hole is introduced. at the same time, the precision trigonometric leveling method of free surveying station is introduced in detail, and the difference between the test results of precision trigonometric leveling and the results of second grade leveling is compared. Secondly, the accuracy simulation method of planar control network considering the influence of medium error is put forward, and the theory of precision simulation calculation of control network is improved. Based on the new simulation technology, a new method for predicting the transverse penetration error in the hole is proposed, and the effects of ranging error, direction measurement error and alignment error on the lateral swing are simulated separately, the results show that the ranging error has little effect on the transverse swing, and the direction measurement error and the alignment error have a great influence on the transverse swing. Through the calculation experiment of changing the transverse spacing of the wire network, the results show that the improvement of this technique not only avoids the influence of side refraction as far as possible, but also does not reduce the transverse accuracy of the control network. Thirdly, the influence of vertical deviation on the accuracy of contact measurement is analyzed qualitatively, and the best way to avoid the influence of vertical deviation is obtained, and then the experiment of hole entry connection measurement is designed, and the test results are analyzed, and the optimal method of hole entry connection measurement and its data processing are obtained. The optimum position of gyro directional edge is determined by simulation calculation of the wire network in the hole, and the influence of the gyro edge addition on the accuracy of the wire network is analyzed when the gyro edge orientation error is taken into account. The results show that the gyro edge addition plays a significant role in optimizing the lateral swing of the guide network in the control hole.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TV554

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