【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展和社會(huì)的不斷進(jìn)步，電力系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性變得越來越重要，低頻振蕩作為威脅電網(wǎng)安全運(yùn)行的主要因素之一時(shí)時(shí)刻刻都有可能發(fā)生。機(jī)組的功頻控制中有功功率振蕩是引起電力系統(tǒng)低頻振蕩的主要原因之一，針對機(jī)組側(cè)的功率振蕩，云南電網(wǎng)已經(jīng)實(shí)施了機(jī)組低頻振蕩的實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測與解列保護(hù)裝置，但是針對機(jī)組側(cè)的功率振蕩預(yù)防的研究還屬于空白。 本課題依托于云南電網(wǎng)公司科技項(xiàng)目《云南水火電機(jī)組功率振蕩的預(yù)防與解除研究》，選擇云南水電機(jī)組為研究對象，針對云南水電站的水頭季節(jié)性變動(dòng)大、導(dǎo)葉開度非線性等問題展開了研究。首先，，基于水輪機(jī)的相似理論與運(yùn)動(dòng)相似率分析推導(dǎo)出了工作水頭與水輪機(jī)組有功功率之間的關(guān)系，在理想的水輪機(jī)組模型的基礎(chǔ)上引入水頭變動(dòng)干擾，仿真驗(yàn)證了水頭變動(dòng)對水輪機(jī)組有功功率調(diào)節(jié)品質(zhì)的影響；其次，通過動(dòng)態(tài)試驗(yàn)擬合出存在導(dǎo)葉開度非線性水輪機(jī)組的導(dǎo)葉開度與機(jī)組有功功率之間的函數(shù)關(guān)系，在理想模型基礎(chǔ)上引入了此函數(shù)關(guān)系，仿真驗(yàn)證了開度非線性存在導(dǎo)致不同開度范圍的水輪機(jī)組有功功率調(diào)節(jié)品質(zhì)變差的結(jié)論；最后，針對存在振蕩隱患的水輪機(jī)組分別在工程應(yīng)用上和理論研究上提出了改進(jìn)的控制方案。工程上基于自適應(yīng)控制策略分別提出了水頭自適應(yīng)控制方案與導(dǎo)葉開度自適應(yīng)控制策略，并建模仿真驗(yàn)證了改進(jìn)控制方案的合理性；在理論研究層面提出基于二次性能指標(biāo)的單神經(jīng)自適應(yīng)PID控制算法，通過與經(jīng)典PID控制效果進(jìn)行對比，驗(yàn)證了單神經(jīng)元自適應(yīng)PID在水輪機(jī)組有功功率調(diào)節(jié)振蕩預(yù)防中應(yīng)用的可行性。 通過本課題的研究，減小了云南水電站由于季節(jié)性水頭變動(dòng)大和導(dǎo)葉開度非線性對水輪機(jī)組有功功率調(diào)節(jié)品質(zhì)的影響，從而保證云南水電機(jī)組運(yùn)行的穩(wěn)定性以及云南電網(wǎng)的運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定與安全。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of economy and the continuous progress of society, the stability of power system becomes more and more important. Low frequency oscillation, as one of the main factors threatening the safe operation of power grid, may occur all the time. The active power oscillation in the power and frequency control of the unit is one of the main causes of the low frequency oscillation in the power system. Aiming at the power oscillation on the unit side, Yunnan Power Grid has implemented the real-time monitoring and de-listing protection device of the low frequency oscillation of the unit, but the research on the prevention of the power oscillation on the unit side is still blank. Based on the scientific and technological project of Yunnan Power Grid Company, "Research on the Prevention and removal of Power oscillations of Water and Thermal Power Units in Yunnan", this paper selects Yunnan hydropower units as the research object, and studies the problems of seasonal variation of water head and nonlinear opening of guide vane of Yunnan Hydropower Station. Firstly, based on the similarity theory of hydraulic turbine and the analysis of motion similarity rate, the relationship between the working head and the active power of hydraulic turbine is deduced. On the basis of the ideal hydraulic turbine model, the disturbance of head variation is introduced, and the influence of head change on the active power regulation quality of hydroturbine is verified by simulation. Secondly, the functional relationship between the guide vane opening and the active power of the hydraulic turbine unit with nonlinear opening of the guide vane is fitted by dynamic test, and the function relation is introduced on the basis of the ideal model, and the conclusion that the nonlinear opening leads to the deterioration of the active power regulation quality of the hydroturbine unit with different opening ranges is verified by simulation. Finally, an improved control scheme is proposed in engineering application and theoretical research for hydroturbine units with potential oscillations. Based on the adaptive control strategy, the water head adaptive control scheme and the guide vane opening adaptive control strategy are proposed respectively, and the rationality of the improved control scheme is verified by simulation. At the level of theoretical research, a single neural adaptive PID control algorithm based on quadratic performance index is proposed. Compared with the classical PID control effect, the feasibility of single neuron adaptive PID in the prevention of active power regulation oscillations of hydroturbine units is verified. Through the research of this subject, the influence of seasonal water head variation and nonlinear guide vane opening on the active power regulation quality of water turbine units is reduced, so as to ensure the operation stability of Yunnan hydropower units and the operation stability and safety of Yunnan power grid.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV734

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