【摘要】：抽水蓄能電站因其具有調(diào)頻調(diào)相、調(diào)峰填谷、事故備用等作用，已逐漸成為現(xiàn)代電網(wǎng)的一種靈活調(diào)控方式。抽水蓄能電站可工作在發(fā)電及電動(dòng)兩種狀態(tài)：在發(fā)電工況時(shí)，水輪機(jī)帶動(dòng)發(fā)電機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)電，將勢(shì)能轉(zhuǎn)換成電能；在電動(dòng)工況時(shí)，電動(dòng)機(jī)帶動(dòng)水泵，將下游處的水抽取到上游以勢(shì)能的方式貯存電能。抽水蓄能機(jī)組的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)復(fù)雜，在電動(dòng)工況運(yùn)行時(shí)由于機(jī)組容量及慣量大等原因，控制機(jī)組同步起動(dòng)成為了一個(gè)控制難點(diǎn)。本文對(duì)利用無傳感器位置檢測(cè)控制技術(shù)的SCR(晶閘管)靜止變頻器進(jìn)行研究，深入分析了SCR靜止變頻器的控制策略，并利用仿真及實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)對(duì)采用SCR靜止變頻器起動(dòng)同步電動(dòng)機(jī)進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。 首先，對(duì)SCR靜止變頻器的原理進(jìn)行了研究，分析了SCR靜止變頻器各拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，詳細(xì)敘述了SCR靜止變頻器反電勢(shì)自然換相和斷續(xù)換相的工作原理，同時(shí)分析了兩種換相方式的切換方法以及SCR靜止變頻器運(yùn)行各階段的控制策略并討論了SCR靜止變頻調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的調(diào)速特性。 其次，在同步電動(dòng)機(jī)七階數(shù)學(xué)模型的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)化處理，建立了同步電動(dòng)機(jī)五階數(shù)學(xué)模型，并利用Matlab/simulink對(duì)所建模型進(jìn)行了仿真；利用所建電機(jī)模型，對(duì)SCR靜止變頻器采用無位置檢測(cè)方式對(duì)機(jī)組進(jìn)行起動(dòng)各階段進(jìn)行了數(shù)學(xué)建模及仿真，對(duì)機(jī)組各起動(dòng)階段的運(yùn)行狀況進(jìn)行了仿真驗(yàn)證。 最后，由于機(jī)組在低速階段采用的是斷續(xù)換相方式，導(dǎo)致機(jī)端含有大量諧波，影響轉(zhuǎn)子位置的計(jì)算精度，為此本文對(duì)低通磁鏈觀測(cè)器進(jìn)行了研究。在詳細(xì)分析了傳統(tǒng)磁鏈觀測(cè)器工作原理的基礎(chǔ)之上，對(duì)其進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)，提出了一種基于低通磁鏈觀測(cè)器的機(jī)組低速運(yùn)行階段轉(zhuǎn)子位置計(jì)算方法，并通過仿真及實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)該方法進(jìn)行了有效驗(yàn)證。 為模擬抽水蓄能機(jī)組的電動(dòng)工況，本文以10kW同步電機(jī)為控制對(duì)象搭建了實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)。對(duì)抽水蓄能機(jī)組各起動(dòng)階段均進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證，，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明初始階段位置檢測(cè)較準(zhǔn)確，相位差小于5°，通電0.5~5Hz階段能夠滿足在實(shí)際工況中機(jī)組的起動(dòng)要求，斷續(xù)換相及反電勢(shì)自然換可實(shí)現(xiàn)平穩(wěn)切換。
[Abstract]:Pumped storage power station has gradually become a flexible control mode of modern power grid because of its function of frequency modulation and phase modulation, peak regulation and valley filling, accident standby and so on. Pumped storage power station can work in both power generation and electric state: in the power generation condition, the turbine drives the generator to run to generate electricity, and the potential energy is converted into electric energy; In the electric condition, the motor drives the pump and draws the downstream water to the upstream to store the electric energy in the way of potential energy. The operation state of pumped storage unit is complex. Due to the large capacity and inertia of the unit under electric condition, synchronous starting of the control unit has become a control difficulty. In this paper, the SCR (thyristor) static frequency converter based on sensorless position detection and control technology is studied, and the control strategy of SCR static frequency converter is deeply analyzed. The synchronous motor started by SCR static frequency converter is verified by simulation and experimental platform. Firstly, the principle of SCR static inverter is studied, the advantages and disadvantages of each topology of SCR static inverter are analyzed, and the working principle of back EMF natural commutation and intermittent commutation of SCR static inverter is described in detail. At the same time, the switching methods of two commutation modes and the control strategy of every stage of SCR static frequency converter are analyzed, and the speed regulation characteristics of SCR static frequency conversion speed regulation system are discussed. Secondly, on the basis of the seventh-order mathematical model of synchronous motor, the fifth-order mathematical model of synchronous motor is established, and the model is simulated by Matlab/simulink. By using the established motor model, the mathematical modeling and simulation of the starting stage of the unit are carried out by using the non-position detecting mode of the SCR static frequency converter, and the running condition of each starting stage of the unit is simulated and verified. Finally, because the unit adopts intermittent commutation in the low-speed phase, which results in a large number of harmonics at the machine end, which affects the accuracy of rotor position calculation. Therefore, the low-flux observer is studied in this paper. Based on the detailed analysis of the working principle of the traditional flux observer, a low-flux observer-based rotor position calculation method for the low-speed operation stage of the unit is proposed. The method is verified by simulation and experiment. In order to simulate the electric working condition of pumped storage unit, the experimental platform of 10kW synchronous motor is set up in this paper. The experimental results show that the position detection in the initial stage is accurate, the phase difference is less than 5 擄, and the electrified 0.5~5Hz stage can meet the starting requirements of the unit in the actual working condition. Intermittent phase switching and back EMF natural switching can achieve smooth switching.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV743;TV736

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