【摘要】：對(duì)于充液管道系統(tǒng),水擊又是一種不可避免的水力暫態(tài)現(xiàn)象,其巨大水擊壓強(qiáng)給管道系統(tǒng)帶來了很大的安全隱患,水擊動(dòng)態(tài)特性的研究則對(duì)實(shí)際的充液管道系統(tǒng)的有著特別重要的意義。而水擊計(jì)算的可靠性與正確性則依賴于水擊計(jì)算理論,不斷完善和改進(jìn)耦合水擊計(jì)算的基本方程對(duì)于實(shí)際工程的應(yīng)用具有著重要意義。 論文首先對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的水擊理論計(jì)算公式的推導(dǎo)、計(jì)算方法以及存在問題做了詳細(xì)分析。我們已知,傳統(tǒng)水擊理論所用的連續(xù)性方程適用面較廣,可用于任何恒定流或非恒定流的水力計(jì)算,但在發(fā)生水擊時(shí),管道內(nèi)并存在液體壓力波速、管道應(yīng)力波速、流體流速,而經(jīng)典的連續(xù)性方程并未能在微分方程中反映這個(gè)情況。另外,傳統(tǒng)水擊計(jì)算理論主要重點(diǎn)是研究流體的動(dòng)力學(xué)行為對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)的影響分析,忽略了由于流體對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)改變而產(chǎn)生的流體運(yùn)動(dòng)變化,并且進(jìn)行了大量的簡(jiǎn)化處理,這樣導(dǎo)致一部分重要的系統(tǒng)信息丟失,不能更好的反應(yīng)管道系統(tǒng)的實(shí)際運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)。本文主要是基于現(xiàn)有的水擊計(jì)算理論及其耦合理論,針對(duì)水擊計(jì)算模型做進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的分析和改進(jìn),提出用于計(jì)算耦合水擊的基本連續(xù)性方程。 本文將新推導(dǎo)的連續(xù)性方程進(jìn)中水擊波速與流速關(guān)系更正為考慮管道在縱橫兩個(gè)方向都反映水擊耦合特性的耦合波速。并進(jìn)一步處理得到用于計(jì)算耦合水擊的改進(jìn)的基本連續(xù)性方程,與簡(jiǎn)化后的流體動(dòng)量方程、管道運(yùn)動(dòng)方程及物理方程構(gòu)成了改進(jìn)的軸向4-方程模型。 將改進(jìn)的軸向4-方程與文獻(xiàn)[21]的數(shù)學(xué)模型對(duì)比分析,驗(yàn)證改進(jìn)的4-方程模型用于耦合水擊波的計(jì)算分析是可靠性、合理性。接著,利用特征線法將軸向4-方程模型進(jìn)行變換,得到相對(duì)應(yīng)的常微分方程,詳細(xì)推導(dǎo)了特征方程計(jì)算各物理變量的迭代格式,及相應(yīng)邊界條件的處理。
[Abstract]:For the liquid-filled pipeline system, water hammer is also an inevitable hydraulic transient phenomenon, and its huge water hammer pressure brings a great security hazard to the pipeline system. The research on the dynamic characteristics of water hammer is of great significance to the actual liquid-filled pipeline system. The reliability and correctness of the water hammer calculation depend on the water hammer calculation theory. It is of great significance to improve and improve the basic equation of the coupling water hammer calculation for the practical engineering application. Firstly, the derivation, calculation method and existing problems of traditional water hammer theory are analyzed in detail. It is known that the continuity equation used in the traditional water hammer theory can be used in the hydraulic calculation of any constant or unsteady flow, but in the event of water hammer, there are also the velocity of the pressure wave, the velocity of the stress wave and the velocity of the fluid in the pipe, and the velocity of the pressure wave, the velocity of the stress wave and the velocity of the fluid exist in the pipeline. The classical continuity equation does not reflect this situation in the differential equation. In addition, the traditional water hammer calculation theory mainly focuses on the analysis of the influence of fluid dynamics on the structure, neglecting the fluid motion change due to the change of the fluid to the structure motion state, and carries on a lot of simplified treatment. This leads to the loss of some important system information and can not better reflect the actual motion state of the pipeline system. In this paper, based on the existing water hammer calculation theory and its coupling theory, further analysis and improvement are made to the calculation model of water hammer, and the basic continuity equation used to calculate the coupling water hammer is put forward. In this paper, the relationship between the velocity of water hammer wave and the velocity of water hammer is corrected to consider the coupling wave velocity which reflects the coupling characteristics of water hammer in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the pipeline. An improved axial 4-equation model with simplified fluid momentum equation, pipeline motion equation and physical equation has been obtained by further processing the improved basic continuity equation for the calculation of coupled water hammer, and the simplified equation of fluid momentum, the equation of pipe motion and the physical equation have been used to calculate the coupling water hammer. By comparing the improved axial 4-equation with the mathematical model in reference [21], it is proved that the improved 4-equation model is reliable and reasonable for the calculation and analysis of coupled water percussion waves. Then, the axial 4-equation model is transformed by the characteristic method, and the corresponding ordinary differential equation is obtained. The iterative scheme for calculating the physical variables of the characteristic equation and the treatment of the corresponding boundary conditions are derived in detail.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV134

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