三峽工程對兩湖的生態(tài)影響
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-13 15:20
【摘要】：長江干流的漁業(yè)捕撈量從1954年的43萬t下降到2011年的8萬t,降幅達(dá)81%,而兩湖(洞庭湖和鄱陽湖)的漁業(yè)捕撈量分別在2~4萬t之間波動。三峽大壩對洞庭湖三口徑流量的影響有限,但使江水倒灌鄱陽湖的天數(shù)和水量進(jìn)一步降低。長江來水占洞庭湖徑流量的30%,而在鄱陽湖中僅有0.1%,因此,對維持長江干流的漁業(yè)資源(特別是產(chǎn)漂流性卵魚類)來說,洞庭湖的重要性遠(yuǎn)超鄱陽湖。干流漁業(yè)資源的衰退主要是江湖阻隔的結(jié)果,雖然過度捕撈起到了推波助瀾的作用,因此,即使在干流休漁十年,也未必能使長江的漁業(yè)資源大幅回升。如果在兩湖建閘,長江漁業(yè)資源的衰退將會進(jìn)一步加劇,江豚的滅絕可能難以避免,因此,維持兩湖與長江的生態(tài)聯(lián)系,對長江干流生物多樣性的維持至關(guān)重要。
[Abstract]:The amount of fishing in the main stream of the Yangtze River decreased from 430,000 tons in 1954 to 80,000 tons in 2011, by 81%, while the fishing capacity of the two lakes (Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake) fluctuated between 2 and 40,000 tons, respectively. The three gorges dam has limited effect on the three-neck runoff of the dongting lake, but the number of days and the amount of water in the poyang lake is further reduced. The water of the Yangtze River accounts for 30% of the runoff of the Dongting Lake, and only 0.1% in Poyang Lake, so the importance of the Dongting Lake is far beyond the Poyang Lake to maintain the fishery resources of the main stream of the Yangtze River, in particular to the floating egg fish. The decline of the fishery resources in the main stream is mainly the result of the obstruction in the Jianghu. Although the overfishing plays an important role, it is not necessary to make the fishery resources of the Yangtze River back up even in the main stream for 10 years. If the decline of the fishery resources of the Yangtze River will be further increased in the two lakes, the extinction of the porpoise may be difficult to avoid. Therefore, the ecological relation between the two lakes and the Yangtze River is maintained, and the maintenance of the biological diversity of the main stream of the Yangtze River is of great importance.
【作者單位】： 中國科學(xué)院水生生物研究所東湖湖泊生態(tài)系統(tǒng)試驗站;
【基金】：中國科學(xué)院野外站聯(lián)盟項目(KFJ-SW-YW026);中國科學(xué)院B類先導(dǎo)科技專項培育項目(XDPB0204)~~
【分類號】：S931;TV632
[Abstract]:The amount of fishing in the main stream of the Yangtze River decreased from 430,000 tons in 1954 to 80,000 tons in 2011, by 81%, while the fishing capacity of the two lakes (Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake) fluctuated between 2 and 40,000 tons, respectively. The three gorges dam has limited effect on the three-neck runoff of the dongting lake, but the number of days and the amount of water in the poyang lake is further reduced. The water of the Yangtze River accounts for 30% of the runoff of the Dongting Lake, and only 0.1% in Poyang Lake, so the importance of the Dongting Lake is far beyond the Poyang Lake to maintain the fishery resources of the main stream of the Yangtze River, in particular to the floating egg fish. The decline of the fishery resources in the main stream is mainly the result of the obstruction in the Jianghu. Although the overfishing plays an important role, it is not necessary to make the fishery resources of the Yangtze River back up even in the main stream for 10 years. If the decline of the fishery resources of the Yangtze River will be further increased in the two lakes, the extinction of the porpoise may be difficult to avoid. Therefore, the ecological relation between the two lakes and the Yangtze River is maintained, and the maintenance of the biological diversity of the main stream of the Yangtze River is of great importance.
【作者單位】： 中國科學(xué)院水生生物研究所東湖湖泊生態(tài)系統(tǒng)試驗站;
【基金】：中國科學(xué)院野外站聯(lián)盟項目(KFJ-SW-YW026);中國科學(xué)院B類先導(dǎo)科技專項培育項目(XDPB0204)~~
【分類號】：S931;TV632
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
中國期刊全文數(shù)據(jù)庫 前10條
1 王雪;趙學(xué)峰;趙學(xué)軍;;三峽工程運行前后鄱陽湖倒灌特性對比分析[J];長江工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)報;2017年01期
2 劉磊;胥左陽;楊雪;歐陽珊;李偉明;吳小平;;枯水期鄱陽湖重點水域長江江豚種群數(shù)量、分布及行為特征[J];南昌大學(xué)學(xué)報(理科版);2016年03期
3 彭嘉棟;廖玉芳;劉s，
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