兩壩間喜灘長直窄深型急灘治理方法研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-05 00:38
【摘要】：進(jìn)入新世紀(jì)以來，隨著沿江經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，長江沿線已發(fā)展成為我國重要的產(chǎn)業(yè)密集帶，，沿江大型企業(yè)生產(chǎn)所需80%的鐵礦石、40%的原油、83%的電煤是依靠長江水運(yùn)來保障的，航運(yùn)效益十分顯著。隨著國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，黨中央、國務(wù)院以及地方政府已高度重視長江黃金水道的建設(shè)，2007年12月14日，溫家寶總理還專門作出了“長江航道建設(shè)要加強(qiáng)”的重要批示。長江干線兩壩間河段是長江上游中洪水期航行條件最困難的區(qū)段之一，該河段穿行于高山峽谷之中，蜿蜒曲折、谷壁陡峭、河槽窄深，其中喜灘為兩壩間船舶航行最為困難的航段之一，是典型的長直窄深型急灘。因此，為了改善喜灘段的礙航特性，提高其通航能力，對(duì)喜灘礙航水流特性、成灘原因及航道治理方法的研究已顯的至關(guān)重要。 本論文采用二維水流數(shù)值模擬的方法，對(duì)喜灘這一長直窄深型急灘的水流特性、成灘原因以及治理方法進(jìn)行了初步研究，主要工作內(nèi)容和研究成果如下： (1)建立了兩壩間喜灘段的二維水流數(shù)學(xué)模型，應(yīng)用喜灘段的實(shí)測(cè)水文資料對(duì)建立的二維水流數(shù)學(xué)模型進(jìn)行了細(xì)致認(rèn)真的模型驗(yàn)證，經(jīng)反復(fù)計(jì)算率定出了能較好模擬該河段流場的糙率、網(wǎng)格密度等參數(shù)。 (2)運(yùn)用建立的二維水流數(shù)學(xué)模型對(duì)喜灘段進(jìn)行了8級(jí)流量的計(jì)算，詳細(xì)分析了灘段的通航水流條件，指出灘性為以急流礙航為主的洪水急灘，而河谷狹窄、河寬沿程漸縮突擴(kuò)、流量與過水面積增率極不適應(yīng)等是其成灘礙航的主要原因。 (3)通過傳統(tǒng)的擴(kuò)大泄水?dāng)嗝娣ǖ榷喾N開挖方案的研究表明，僅通過開挖來擴(kuò)大泄水面積的方法對(duì)長直窄深型急灘的治理效果并不明顯，要達(dá)到治理目標(biāo)極其困難。 (4)基于水工隧洞及抽水分流的提示，提出了在喜灘上游進(jìn)行分流的治理方式，即通過減少該河段過流量來降低航線流速，達(dá)到治理目的。研究結(jié)果表明，隧洞分流和抽水分流的方法可以解決喜灘的礙航特性，但是經(jīng)過經(jīng)濟(jì)分析其造價(jià)巨大，且基本無施工條件，不具備工程實(shí)施的可行性。 (5)根據(jù)水深淺流速小的水力特性提出了一種創(chuàng)新性的治理方法—潛順壩法，通過對(duì)壩寬、壩長和壩高等控制因素多種組合的調(diào)試計(jì)算表明，運(yùn)用潛順壩法可以大幅改善喜灘段的上灘水流條件，具有較好的治理效果，為長直窄深型急灘的治理提供了一個(gè)新的思路。
[Abstract]:Since entering the new century, with the rapid development of the economy along the Yangtze River, the Yangtze River has developed into an important industrial belt in our country. Large enterprises along the Yangtze River need 80% of iron ore and 40% of crude oil to produce. 83% of thermal coal depends on the Yangtze River water transportation to protect the shipping efficiency is very significant. With the rapid development of the national economy, the Party Central Committee, the State Council and the local governments have attached great importance to the construction of the golden waterway of the Yangtze River. On December 14, 2007, Premier Wen Jiabao also made an important instruction that "the construction of the Yangtze River Channel should be strengthened". The section between the two dams of the Yangtze River is one of the most difficult sections in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in the middle flood period. The section runs through the high mountains and canyons, winding and winding, the valley wall is steep, and the channel is narrow and deep. Among them, Xitan is one of the most difficult navigation sections between the two dams, and it is a typical long, straight, narrow and deep beach. Therefore, in order to improve the navigation characteristics and navigable capacity of the section, it is of great importance to study the characteristics of the current, the cause of the formation of the beach and the method of channel management. In this paper, the characteristics of water flow, the causes of beach formation and the treatment methods of the long, straight, narrow and deep rapids are studied by using the two-dimensional flow numerical simulation method. The main contents and research results are as follows: (1) the two-dimensional flow mathematical model between the two dams is established, and the two-dimensional flow mathematical model is verified carefully by using the measured hydrological data of the Xitan section. The parameters, such as roughness and grid density, which can be used to simulate the flow field of the river reach, are determined by repeated calculation rate. (2) by using the established two-dimensional flow mathematical model, the 8 grade discharge of the Xitan section is calculated, and the navigable flow conditions of the section are analyzed in detail. It is pointed out that the beach is characterized by the flood rapids which are dominated by the jet current and the river valley is narrow. The main reasons for the obstruction of navigation are the sudden expansion of river width along the course and the inadaptability between the flow rate and the increase rate of the overwater area. (3) through the research of many excavation schemes such as the traditional method of expanding the drainage section, it is shown that the treatment effect of the method of enlarging the drainage area by excavation is not obvious, and it is extremely difficult to achieve the control goal. (4) based on the indication of hydraulic tunnel and diversion of pumping water, this paper puts forward the treatment mode of diversion in the upper reaches of Xitan, that is, reducing the flow rate of the river course to reduce the current velocity of the route and achieve the purpose of control. The results show that the diversion method of tunnel and pumping water can solve the obstacle to navigation of Xitan, but after economic analysis, its cost is huge, and there is no construction condition, so it is not feasible to carry out the project. (5) according to the hydraulic characteristics of low water depth and shallow velocity, an innovative control method, the submersible dam method, is put forward. Through the debugging and calculation of various control factors, such as dam width, dam length and dam height, it is shown that, The application of the method can greatly improve the water flow condition of the upper beach in the Xitan section, and has a better control effect, which provides a new idea for the treatment of the long, straight, narrow and deep rapids.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV85
本文編號(hào)：2401023
[Abstract]:Since entering the new century, with the rapid development of the economy along the Yangtze River, the Yangtze River has developed into an important industrial belt in our country. Large enterprises along the Yangtze River need 80% of iron ore and 40% of crude oil to produce. 83% of thermal coal depends on the Yangtze River water transportation to protect the shipping efficiency is very significant. With the rapid development of the national economy, the Party Central Committee, the State Council and the local governments have attached great importance to the construction of the golden waterway of the Yangtze River. On December 14, 2007, Premier Wen Jiabao also made an important instruction that "the construction of the Yangtze River Channel should be strengthened". The section between the two dams of the Yangtze River is one of the most difficult sections in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in the middle flood period. The section runs through the high mountains and canyons, winding and winding, the valley wall is steep, and the channel is narrow and deep. Among them, Xitan is one of the most difficult navigation sections between the two dams, and it is a typical long, straight, narrow and deep beach. Therefore, in order to improve the navigation characteristics and navigable capacity of the section, it is of great importance to study the characteristics of the current, the cause of the formation of the beach and the method of channel management. In this paper, the characteristics of water flow, the causes of beach formation and the treatment methods of the long, straight, narrow and deep rapids are studied by using the two-dimensional flow numerical simulation method. The main contents and research results are as follows: (1) the two-dimensional flow mathematical model between the two dams is established, and the two-dimensional flow mathematical model is verified carefully by using the measured hydrological data of the Xitan section. The parameters, such as roughness and grid density, which can be used to simulate the flow field of the river reach, are determined by repeated calculation rate. (2) by using the established two-dimensional flow mathematical model, the 8 grade discharge of the Xitan section is calculated, and the navigable flow conditions of the section are analyzed in detail. It is pointed out that the beach is characterized by the flood rapids which are dominated by the jet current and the river valley is narrow. The main reasons for the obstruction of navigation are the sudden expansion of river width along the course and the inadaptability between the flow rate and the increase rate of the overwater area. (3) through the research of many excavation schemes such as the traditional method of expanding the drainage section, it is shown that the treatment effect of the method of enlarging the drainage area by excavation is not obvious, and it is extremely difficult to achieve the control goal. (4) based on the indication of hydraulic tunnel and diversion of pumping water, this paper puts forward the treatment mode of diversion in the upper reaches of Xitan, that is, reducing the flow rate of the river course to reduce the current velocity of the route and achieve the purpose of control. The results show that the diversion method of tunnel and pumping water can solve the obstacle to navigation of Xitan, but after economic analysis, its cost is huge, and there is no construction condition, so it is not feasible to carry out the project. (5) according to the hydraulic characteristics of low water depth and shallow velocity, an innovative control method, the submersible dam method, is put forward. Through the debugging and calculation of various control factors, such as dam width, dam length and dam height, it is shown that, The application of the method can greatly improve the water flow condition of the upper beach in the Xitan section, and has a better control effect, which provides a new idea for the treatment of the long, straight, narrow and deep rapids.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV85
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