雙丁壩水流特性的水槽試驗(yàn)和數(shù)值模擬研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-31 17:31
【摘要】：丁壩是河道整治工程、海岸防護(hù)工程和防洪工程中常見的水工建筑物,研究丁壩附近的水流特性不僅具有重要的水力學(xué)研究?jī)r(jià)值,而且對(duì)丁壩尺寸的確定、壩頭結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化和丁壩間距的布置等都有實(shí)際的指導(dǎo)意義。本文首先對(duì)近年來(lái)丁壩附近水流結(jié)構(gòu)的研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要的回顧和評(píng)述,在結(jié)合前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,利用物理模型試驗(yàn)和數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算的方法,從理論上對(duì)雙丁壩附近水流特性進(jìn)行了更深入的研究。物理模型試驗(yàn)部分,在水槽中采用不同流量、不同水位條件下進(jìn)行了雙丁壩附近水流特性的試驗(yàn),重點(diǎn)研究了雙丁壩附近的流場(chǎng)分布和沿程水面線的變化規(guī)律以及不同流量、不同水位對(duì)雙丁壩附近水流特性的影響,試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:(1)雙丁壩對(duì)丁壩附近水流結(jié)構(gòu)起到了很好地調(diào)整作用,水流的流向在丁壩的壩頭前發(fā)生明顯偏轉(zhuǎn),在丁壩附近形成了大小不同的漩渦,并在丁壩壩田區(qū)域形成了回流區(qū)。(2)在第一座丁壩的上游出現(xiàn)了明顯的壅水現(xiàn)象,丁壩上游水位抬高,流速減小;水流繞過(guò)壩后出現(xiàn)跌水現(xiàn)象,至第二座丁壩附近,水位一直降低;在遠(yuǎn)離第二座丁壩下游一段距離之后,水位緩緩回升。(3)第一座丁壩的高流速區(qū)分布在壩頭,第二座丁壩的高流速區(qū)偏向主槽中間分布,二者的共同作用使水流流速發(fā)生重分布。(4)當(dāng)水位一定時(shí),隨著流量的增大,第一座丁壩壩頭區(qū)域的高流速區(qū)逐漸向丁壩上游移動(dòng),但在第二座丁壩附近的水流流態(tài)逐漸發(fā)生紊亂。(5)當(dāng)流量一定時(shí),隨著水位的增高,第一座丁壩壩頭區(qū)域的高流速區(qū)逐漸向丁壩下游移動(dòng),但在第二座丁壩附近的水流流態(tài)反而更加平穩(wěn)。數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算部分,利用MIKE3對(duì)雙丁壩附近的流場(chǎng)分布和水位變化進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬,并用物理試驗(yàn)結(jié)果對(duì)模擬結(jié)果進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證,驗(yàn)證結(jié)果擬合較好,證明了所建立的MIKE3數(shù)值模型用于分析雙丁壩附近的水流特性是可行的。在此基礎(chǔ)上,用數(shù)值模型分別模擬了不同工況下雙丁壩附近的三維水流特性,模擬結(jié)果表明:(1)在x方向上,在靠近主槽中間都會(huì)形成大范圍的高流速區(qū),高流速區(qū)范圍在垂向上表現(xiàn)為近底層最小、中層次之、近表層最大。(2)在y方向上,流速遠(yuǎn)小于x方向上的流速,在丁壩壩頭附近都會(huì)形成流速相對(duì)較大的區(qū)域,該區(qū)域的范圍在近表層、中層和近底層的分布變化基本一致。(3)在z方向上,流速更小,在第一座丁壩壩頭附近形成較小范圍的流速相對(duì)較大的區(qū)域,該區(qū)域在水流的近表層、中層和近底層都有分布;而在第二座丁壩的壩頭附近形成的流速相對(duì)較大的區(qū)域只在近表層和中層出現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Spur dike is a common hydraulic structure in river regulation, coastal protection and flood control projects. The study of the characteristics of the water flow near the spur dike is not only of great value in hydraulic research, but also of determining the size of the spur dike. The optimization of dam head structure and the arrangement of dike spacing are of practical significance. In this paper, the current situation of the research on the flow structure near the spur dike in recent years is reviewed and reviewed briefly in this paper. Based on the previous research results, the physical model test and numerical simulation method are used. In this paper, the characteristics of water flow near double spur dams are studied theoretically. In the part of physical model test, the characteristics of water flow around double spur dam are tested with different discharge and different water level in the flume. The distribution of flow field, the variation law of water surface line along the path and the different flow rate are mainly studied. The experimental results show that: (1) the water flow structure near the spur dike is well adjusted, and the flow direction is obviously deflected in front of the dike head. A swirl of different sizes is formed near the spur dike, and a return zone is formed in the dike field. (2) the backwater phenomenon appears in the upstream of the first spur dike, the water level is raised and the velocity of velocity is decreased in the upstream of the spur dike; After the water flows around the dam, the phenomenon of falling water appears, and the water level decreases all the time near the second spur dam. After a distance from the downstream of the second spur dike, the water level rises slowly. (3) the high velocity zone of the first spur dike is distributed in the head of the dam, and the high velocity zone of the second spur dike is distributed in the middle of the main channel. The combined action of the two causes the redistribution of the flow velocity. (4) when the water level is fixed, the high velocity area of the first dike head region moves gradually upstream with the increase of the discharge. However, the flow pattern in the vicinity of the second spur dike is gradually disordered. (5) with the increase of the water level, the high velocity zone of the first spur dike is gradually moving to the lower reaches of the spur dike when the discharge is constant. But the flow around the second spur is more stable. In the part of numerical simulation, MIKE3 is used to simulate the distribution of flow field and the change of water level in the vicinity of double spur dam. The simulation results are verified by physical test results, and the results are well fitted. It is proved that the established MIKE3 numerical model is feasible to analyze the flow characteristics near double spur dams. On the basis of this, numerical models are used to simulate the three-dimensional flow characteristics in the vicinity of double spur dams under different working conditions. The simulation results show that: (1) in the x direction and near the middle of the main channel, a large range of high velocity regions will be formed. The range of high velocity in vertical direction is the minimum near bottom layer, the lowest in middle layer, and the largest near surface layer. (2) in y direction, the velocity of velocity is far less than that in x direction, and a relatively large velocity area will be formed near the dike head. The distribution of the area is basically the same in the near surface, the middle layer and the near bottom layer. (3) in z direction, the velocity of velocity is smaller, and a relatively large area is formed near the head of the first spur dam. The area is distributed in the near surface layer, middle layer and near bottom layer of water flow. However, the relatively large velocities formed near the head of the second spur dike appear only in the near surface layer and the middle layer.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TV863;TV131.6
本文編號(hào)：2396891
[Abstract]:Spur dike is a common hydraulic structure in river regulation, coastal protection and flood control projects. The study of the characteristics of the water flow near the spur dike is not only of great value in hydraulic research, but also of determining the size of the spur dike. The optimization of dam head structure and the arrangement of dike spacing are of practical significance. In this paper, the current situation of the research on the flow structure near the spur dike in recent years is reviewed and reviewed briefly in this paper. Based on the previous research results, the physical model test and numerical simulation method are used. In this paper, the characteristics of water flow near double spur dams are studied theoretically. In the part of physical model test, the characteristics of water flow around double spur dam are tested with different discharge and different water level in the flume. The distribution of flow field, the variation law of water surface line along the path and the different flow rate are mainly studied. The experimental results show that: (1) the water flow structure near the spur dike is well adjusted, and the flow direction is obviously deflected in front of the dike head. A swirl of different sizes is formed near the spur dike, and a return zone is formed in the dike field. (2) the backwater phenomenon appears in the upstream of the first spur dike, the water level is raised and the velocity of velocity is decreased in the upstream of the spur dike; After the water flows around the dam, the phenomenon of falling water appears, and the water level decreases all the time near the second spur dam. After a distance from the downstream of the second spur dike, the water level rises slowly. (3) the high velocity zone of the first spur dike is distributed in the head of the dam, and the high velocity zone of the second spur dike is distributed in the middle of the main channel. The combined action of the two causes the redistribution of the flow velocity. (4) when the water level is fixed, the high velocity area of the first dike head region moves gradually upstream with the increase of the discharge. However, the flow pattern in the vicinity of the second spur dike is gradually disordered. (5) with the increase of the water level, the high velocity zone of the first spur dike is gradually moving to the lower reaches of the spur dike when the discharge is constant. But the flow around the second spur is more stable. In the part of numerical simulation, MIKE3 is used to simulate the distribution of flow field and the change of water level in the vicinity of double spur dam. The simulation results are verified by physical test results, and the results are well fitted. It is proved that the established MIKE3 numerical model is feasible to analyze the flow characteristics near double spur dams. On the basis of this, numerical models are used to simulate the three-dimensional flow characteristics in the vicinity of double spur dams under different working conditions. The simulation results show that: (1) in the x direction and near the middle of the main channel, a large range of high velocity regions will be formed. The range of high velocity in vertical direction is the minimum near bottom layer, the lowest in middle layer, and the largest near surface layer. (2) in y direction, the velocity of velocity is far less than that in x direction, and a relatively large velocity area will be formed near the dike head. The distribution of the area is basically the same in the near surface, the middle layer and the near bottom layer. (3) in z direction, the velocity of velocity is smaller, and a relatively large area is formed near the head of the first spur dam. The area is distributed in the near surface layer, middle layer and near bottom layer of water flow. However, the relatively large velocities formed near the head of the second spur dike appear only in the near surface layer and the middle layer.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TV863;TV131.6
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