【摘要】：為滿足高壩建設(shè)的快速發(fā)展，解決大壩樞紐的消能防沖問題愈發(fā)重要，而解決消能防沖問題則離不開泄水建筑物的不斷發(fā)展完善。曲面貼角窄縫挑坎是我國發(fā)明的一種典型挑流消能工，只在國內(nèi)有著相關(guān)的研究及應(yīng)用實例，因其獨特的體型構(gòu)造，有著良好的泄洪消能作用。目前，曲面貼角窄縫挑坎已經(jīng)應(yīng)用于國內(nèi)多個大中型水利工程，但對曲面貼角窄縫挑坎的研究還較少，對曲面貼角窄縫挑坎的研究主要依賴于水力學(xué)模型試驗。 為進一步研究曲面貼角窄縫挑坎的水力特性，，本文在整理分析已建的曲面貼角窄縫挑坎應(yīng)用實例和相關(guān)研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合瑪爾擋水電站水力學(xué)模型試驗實際情況，對曲面貼角窄縫挑坎的體型構(gòu)造、受力特征、水舌流態(tài)、消能機理、消能效果等方面進行了全面的分析。通過對曲面貼角窄縫挑坎分析，并將瑪爾擋水電站與曲面貼角窄縫挑坎應(yīng)用實例進行對比分析，確定將曲面貼角窄縫挑坎應(yīng)用于瑪爾擋水電站是可行的。通過體型的優(yōu)化得出可以滿足工程要求的優(yōu)化曲面貼角窄縫挑坎，將優(yōu)化曲面貼角窄縫挑坎與常規(guī)挑坎進行了體型、水舌形態(tài)、死水位水舌跨岸情況、下游河道沖刷、下游河床淤積體對電站尾水影響等多方面的對比分析，證實曲面貼角窄縫挑坎除具有傳統(tǒng)窄縫挑坎的優(yōu)點外，還具有邊墻低、消能充分、穩(wěn)定性及安全性好、水舌縱向橫向較為分散、底槽水舌挑距穩(wěn)定有利于跨岸、下游河道沖刷深度較淺等優(yōu)點。文章最后對優(yōu)化曲面貼角窄縫挑坎下三孔挑坎的起挑水位、下游河道的沖刷、下游河床淤積體對電站尾水的影響及下游岸坡脈動壓力試驗結(jié)果進行了闡述，試驗結(jié)果表明優(yōu)化曲面貼角窄縫挑坎，可以滿足壩高超過200米瑪爾擋水電站泄洪消能方面的工程要求，對曲面貼角窄縫挑坎在高壩中的推廣應(yīng)用具有一定得借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:In order to meet the rapid development of high dam construction, it is more and more important to solve the problem of energy dissipation and scour prevention of dam hub, while the solution of energy dissipation and anti-scour problem can not be separated from the continuous development and perfection of drainage structures. As a typical energy dissipator invented in China, the curved surface angle gap with narrow slit has only been studied and applied in China. Because of its unique structure, it has a good function of flood discharge and energy dissipation. At present, curved angle narrow slit has been applied to many large and medium water conservancy projects in China, but the research on curved surface angle narrow slit is still less, and the research on curved surface sticking angle narrow slit is mainly dependent on hydraulic model test. In order to further study the hydraulic characteristics of curved surface sticking angle narrow slit, this paper, on the basis of sorting out and analyzing the application examples and related research results of the built curved surface sticking angle narrow slit, combined with the actual condition of hydraulic model test of Malp Hydropower Station. The shape structure, stress characteristics, water tongue flow state, energy dissipation mechanism and energy dissipation effect of the curved surface sticking angle narrow slit are analyzed in this paper. Based on the analysis of curved surface angle narrow slit gap and the comparison between the application examples of Maer block hydropower station and curved surface angle narrow seam cantilever, it is determined that it is feasible to apply the curved surface angle narrow slit ridge to Maer block hydropower station. According to the optimization of the shape, the optimized curved surface can meet the requirements of engineering. The optimized curved surface with the conventional slit is carried out by the shape, the form of the water tongue, the condition of the dead water level and the water tongue crossing the shore, and the downstream channel scouring. The comparison and analysis of the effect of the downstream riverbed silt on the tail water of the power station proves that the curved surface sticking angle narrow slit has the advantages of traditional narrow slit, low side wall, sufficient energy dissipation, good stability and safety. The longitudinal distribution of the water tongue is more dispersed, the bottom channel is stable and the depth of the downstream channel scour is shallower, so it is advantageous to cross the shore. At the end of the paper, the effect of the bottom three hole hoist, the scouring of the downstream channel, the sediment of the downstream river bed on the tail water of the power station and the test results of the fluctuating pressure on the downstream bank slope are described. The test results show that the optimized curved surface sticking angle narrow joint can meet the engineering requirements of flood discharge and energy dissipation of the dam more than 200 meters. It has certain reference significance for the popularization and application of the curved surface sticking angle narrow joint in the high dam.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV653;TV135.2

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