【摘要】：目的:在全球氣候變化的大背景下,新疆洪水災(zāi)害尤其是春季融雪性洪水的頻次不斷增大,洪水災(zāi)害發(fā)生的時間和演進(jìn)過程始終是關(guān)注的焦點問題。隨著我國水文信息化建設(shè)的深入以及數(shù)值模擬技術(shù)的發(fā)展,及時、可靠、直觀的決策支持系統(tǒng)成為水資源調(diào)控、配置和管理的迫切需要,但新疆特殊的生態(tài)和地理條件給水文信息化建設(shè)帶來了嚴(yán)峻的考驗。如何利用遙感空間數(shù)據(jù)等手段為依托,以地理信息系統(tǒng)為平臺,實現(xiàn)無資料區(qū)的融雪性洪水監(jiān)測與模擬,對干旱區(qū)的水資源管理與調(diào)控具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。方法:本文結(jié)合新疆山區(qū)流域春季融雪性洪水的特點,基于能量平衡、水量平衡和河道洪水演算方程,采用遙感技術(shù)、地理信息系統(tǒng)技術(shù)和計算機(jī)技術(shù)開發(fā)分布式融雪性洪水三維可視化系統(tǒng),對2010年烏魯木齊河流域春季融雪期融雪性洪水三維可視化進(jìn)行了研究。結(jié)果:(1)集成和優(yōu)化了融雪產(chǎn)流模型�；谀芰科胶庠�,考慮積雪消融的物理過程并利用多種遙感數(shù)據(jù)反演模型中的部分參數(shù),結(jié)合氣象常規(guī)觀測數(shù)據(jù)獲取瞬時的能量平衡信息,有效改進(jìn)了融雪模型的算法。(2)集成和優(yōu)化了流域匯流模型。首先以多源地理信息數(shù)據(jù)(氣象數(shù)據(jù)、水文數(shù)據(jù)、基礎(chǔ)地理數(shù)據(jù)、遙感數(shù)據(jù))為基礎(chǔ),重點考慮融雪物理過程并引入了截留損失模塊、蒸散損失模塊和匯流模塊,實現(xiàn)了流域整體性匯流分析。(3)實現(xiàn)了洪水演進(jìn)三維可視化�；诓灰�(guī)則三角網(wǎng)模型進(jìn)行三維地形建模,利用Arc GIS Engine進(jìn)行環(huán)境搭建、高程因子轉(zhuǎn)換、紋理粘貼和色彩渲染,采用Scene Control接口和Animation類庫,實現(xiàn)了三維洪水演進(jìn)模擬。(4)融雪性洪水三維可視化系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)與應(yīng)用。系統(tǒng)采用C#語言編譯系統(tǒng)界面,運(yùn)用IDL語言編譯核心算法,基于Arc GIS、ENVI的二次開發(fā)并以烏魯木齊河流域為典型研究區(qū),實現(xiàn)了融雪性洪水三維可視化模擬。結(jié)論:從二維融雪模擬上看,融雪徑流深大值出現(xiàn)在北部,融雪徑流深小值出現(xiàn)在南部,這主要與地形因素有關(guān),南部靠近天格爾Ⅱ峰,為高山區(qū),氣溫低并有常年積雪,不易融化,北部地勢相對平緩,溫度較高,積雪易大范圍融化;從三維洪水演進(jìn)模擬上看,根據(jù)Landsat 7同期遙感影像對比驗證,河道內(nèi)淹沒范圍與實際情況比較吻合,洪水演進(jìn)模擬比較準(zhǔn)確;從模擬精度上看,模擬徑流線的變化趨勢與實測徑流線比較一致,本次模擬的Nash-Stucliffe系數(shù)E為0.72,峰值相對誤差R為4.36%,可見本系統(tǒng)在烏魯木齊河流域的融雪性洪水模擬比較準(zhǔn)確,可以實現(xiàn)對流域水文過程的整體性分析,可以為融雪性洪水預(yù)警、防災(zāi)減災(zāi)與流域水資源配置提供依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Objective: under the background of global climate change, the frequency of flood disaster, especially snowmelt flood in spring in Xinjiang is increasing, and the time and evolution of flood disaster is always the focus of attention. With the deepening of hydrological information construction and the development of numerical simulation technology, timely, reliable and intuitive decision support system has become the urgent need of water resources regulation, allocation and management. However, the special ecological and geographical conditions of Xinjiang bring severe test to the construction of hydrological informatization. How to realize snowmelt flood monitoring and simulation based on remote sensing spatial data and geographic information system (GIS) is of great practical significance to water resources management and control in arid areas. Methods: based on energy balance, water balance and river flood calculation equation, remote sensing technology was used to combine the characteristics of snowmelt flood in spring in mountain basin of Xinjiang, based on energy balance, water balance and river flood calculation equation. The distributed snowmelt flood 3D visualization system was developed by GIS technology and computer technology, and the 3D visualization of snowmelt flood in 2010 was studied in Urumqi River Basin. Results: (1) the model of snowmelt flow was integrated and optimized. Based on the principle of energy balance, considering the physical process of snow melting and using several remote sensing data to retrieve some parameters of the model, the instantaneous energy balance information is obtained by combining with the conventional meteorological observation data. The algorithm of snowmelt model is improved effectively. (2) the watershed confluence model is integrated and optimized. Firstly, based on multi-source geographic information data (meteorological data, hydrological data, basic geographic data, remote sensing data), the physical process of snowmelt is considered and the interception loss module, evapotranspiration loss module and confluence module are introduced. The whole flow confluence analysis is realized. (3) 3D visualization of flood routing is realized. 3D terrain modeling based on irregular triangulation model, environment construction with Arc GIS Engine, elevation factor conversion, texture paste and color rendering, Scene Control interface and Animation class library are used. The 3D flood routing simulation is realized. (4) the development and application of snowmelt flood 3D visualization system. The system uses C # language to compile the system interface, uses the IDL language to compile the core algorithm, based on the second development of Arc GIS,ENVI and takes Urumqi River basin as the typical research area, realizes the snow melting flood 3D visualization simulation. Conclusion: from the view of two-dimensional snowmelt simulation, the maximum value of snowmelt runoff depth appears in the north, and the snowmelt runoff depth minimum value appears in the south, which is mainly related to the topographic factors. The south is near Tiangel 鈪，

本文編號：2392807