【摘要】：尾礦庫作為礦山企業(yè)最大的環(huán)境保護工程項目,同時也是高勢能潛在危險源。其運行狀況不僅對礦山的生產(chǎn)至關(guān)重要,而且還關(guān)系到壩體下游居民的生命財產(chǎn)安全及周邊環(huán)境。我國尾礦庫潰壩事故現(xiàn)象普遍較高,大多是由洪水漫頂造成的。因此,本文以馬家溝擬建尾礦庫2#主壩為原型,以模型試驗為切入點,研究該尾礦庫洪水漫頂潰壩洪水演化規(guī)律,對潰壩災(zāi)害的預(yù)防提供重要的參考價值,具有重要的經(jīng)濟和社會意義。完成的工作及取得的成果如下:(1)對國內(nèi)外尾礦庫潰壩致災(zāi)因素和潰壩影響范圍研究進行了詳細(xì)的總結(jié)分析,指出了目前尾礦庫潰壩研究的些許不足并給出了一些建議。(2)詳細(xì)掌握尾礦庫的基本資料,通過現(xiàn)場勘查取樣,按照相應(yīng)試驗規(guī)程進行土工試驗,得到原型土樣的粘聚力、內(nèi)摩擦角、顆粒級配等基本物理力學(xué)指標(biāo),為潰壩試驗提供了基礎(chǔ)性資料。(3)為了使模型壩體與原型在潰壩機理上相似,開展了不同壓實度對原型黏土強度的影響試驗,并進一步探索了相比原型不同縮尺的室內(nèi)流槽試驗,確定了正式模型壩體的合理壓實度。(4)依據(jù)現(xiàn)場地形和相似基本理論,設(shè)計并自行搭建了物理模型實驗平臺,并給出了試驗的各種相似比尺及相似材料的選取依據(jù)。(5)根據(jù)實際資料,在模型試驗平臺上完成了壩體及庫內(nèi)模型砂的堆筑工作,并模擬了尾礦庫由于暴雨造成的洪水漫頂潰壩試驗。通過對潰壩過程的記錄,詳細(xì)分析了壩體破壞的主要4個階段,并就潰壩水位過程線、流量過程線和最終淹沒范圍等重要資料進行分析總結(jié),對潰壩洪水演進過程有了進一步了解,加深了對潰壩機理的認(rèn)識。通過對實驗結(jié)果的分析可知,雖然潰壩洪水未波及重點關(guān)注的徐家壟等地,但是旁邊的水塘和稻田等都受到了一定程度的影響,造成了一定的經(jīng)濟損失,所以仍然需要高度重視;指出了尾礦庫在設(shè)計和后續(xù)正常運行中需要注意的地方,為相關(guān)人員提供參考。
[Abstract]:As the largest environmental protection project in mining enterprises, tailings reservoir is also a potential source of high potential energy. The operation condition is not only very important to mine production, but also relates to the safety of life and property of the downstream residents of the dam and the surrounding environment. The phenomenon of tailing dam break in China is generally high, mostly caused by flood overtopping. Therefore, taking Majiagou tailings dam as prototype and model test as the cut-in point, this paper studies the flood evolution law of flood overtopping dam break in Majiagou, which provides an important reference value for the prevention of dam break disaster. Have important economic and social significance. The work accomplished and the results obtained are as follows: (1) the research on the factors causing dam failure and the scope of dam break of tailings reservoir at home and abroad are summarized and analyzed in detail. This paper points out some deficiencies in the research of tailing dam break at present and gives some suggestions. (2) mastering the basic data of tailing reservoir in detail, taking samples from site investigation and carrying out geotechnical tests according to the corresponding test rules, the cohesive force of the prototype soil sample is obtained. The basic physical and mechanical indexes, such as internal friction angle and particle gradation, provide basic data for dam break test. (3) in order to make the dam body and prototype similar in dam break mechanism, the influence of different compaction degrees on the strength of prototype clay is tested. Furthermore, the indoor flow tank test with different scale of prototype is explored, and the reasonable compaction degree of the formal model dam body is determined. (4) based on the field topography and the similar basic theory, the physical model experimental platform is designed and built by itself. At the same time, the selection basis of various similar scales and similar materials are given. (5) according to the actual data, the piling work of the dam body and the model sand in the reservoir is completed on the model test platform. The experiment of overtopping dam break caused by torrential rain in tailings reservoir is simulated. By recording the dam-break process, the main four stages of dam failure are analyzed in detail, and the important data of dam-break water level process line, discharge process line and final submergence range are analyzed and summarized. The process of dam-break flood is further understood and the mechanism of dam-break is further understood. Through the analysis of the experimental results, it can be seen that although the dam-break flood did not spread to the places such as Xujiayang and other places where the key concern was concerned, the nearby ponds and rice fields were affected to a certain extent, resulting in certain economic losses. Therefore, we still need to attach great importance to it; The attention should be paid to the design and subsequent normal operation of the tailings reservoir, which provides reference for the relevant personnel.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TV122.4;TV131.61

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