【摘要】：湟水河又名西寧河，既是流經青海省西寧市的重要河流，也是黃河上游最大一級支流。受地質條件和人為因素的影響，湟水河流域水土流失嚴重，水體泥沙含量高，水色渾濁，不僅沒有起到對城市景觀與文化的支撐作用，反而制約了城市的發(fā)展。為實現(xiàn)西寧城區(qū)湟水河“水清、流暢、岸綠、景美”的治理目標，建設山水西寧、打造宜居城市，促進城市旅游業(yè)發(fā)展，特開展西寧市湟水河“清水入城”工程的設計研究。針對湟水河的多泥沙特性，如何利用水沙調控技術，改善河道泥沙狀況，是論文研究的出發(fā)點。 論文在廣泛收集整理國內外相關文獻資料、系統(tǒng)掌握泥沙研究和水沙調控技術領域前沿的基礎上，借鑒經典工程案例，結合現(xiàn)狀湟水河治理的實際情況，提出清渾水分離的設計理念，并就“清水入城”工程的水質標準、水源、水量以及湟水河各段排沙廊道流量進行分析論證，科學確定工程規(guī)模。 通過首次系統(tǒng)地對湟水河西寧河段床沙進行現(xiàn)場取樣分析，填補了湟水河流域無床沙級配資料的空白。同時，結合水文站實測泥沙資料，研究湟水河西寧市河段的主要泥沙來源，計算分析河道懸移質、推移質泥沙特性和河道沖於特性，進而為“清水入城”工程設計提供翔實的泥沙技術支撐。其中，湟水河清、渾水的臨界含沙量的定量分析，也為確定“清水入城”的水質標準奠定了基礎。 工程設計以“切合規(guī)劃、因地制宜、科學計算、合理布局”為原則，通過主河槽推移質泥沙沉積利用工程、沉沙池懸移質泥沙調控工程、濕地細顆粒泥沙分離工程的組合形式實現(xiàn)小流量清水入河，保障河道生態(tài)和景觀用水。再經由渠首分離工程將常流量高含沙水分離進入排沙廊道，結合北川河、南川河清渾水分離控制工程，實現(xiàn)湟水河清渾水分離、清水穿城的目標。而汛期來水時河道主槽、排沙廊道合二為一，共同行洪，確保西寧城區(qū)防洪安全。 河流水沙過程具有永續(xù)流動性，其水沙過程調控需要充分利用自然規(guī)律�！扒逅氤恰惫こ痰乃痴{節(jié)本質上是通過建立一定的泥沙調節(jié)庫容，實現(xiàn)對河道輸沙過程的調節(jié)與控制，和諧水沙關系，提升河道水質，發(fā)揮項目的生態(tài)、工程和社會效益。清水水源工程中的推移質泥沙調控構筑物主要實現(xiàn)對河道泥沙中較粗部分的水文年周期調控，懸移質泥沙調控構筑物則是針對河道泥沙中較細部分的水文年周期調控，而沉沙濕地利用濕地的水動力學、生物化學等手段對河流的細泥沙進行進一步處理，，且兼顧河道生態(tài)功能恢復，三者功能獨立明確，又相輔相成、互為一體，為多泥沙河流水質還清提供了一個綜合的解決方案。
[Abstract]:Huangshui River, also known as Xining River, is not only an important river flowing through Xining City, Qinghai Province, but also the largest tributary in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. Influenced by geological conditions and human factors, the Huangshui River basin has serious soil erosion, high sediment content and muddy water color, which not only does not play a supporting role to the urban landscape and culture, but also restricts the development of the city. In order to realize the target of "clear water, smooth water, green shore, beautiful scenery" in Huangshui River of Xining City, to build Xining, build a livable city and promote the development of urban tourism, the design research of "clear water entering city" project of Huangshui River in Xining City is carried out. According to the characteristics of sediment accumulation in Huangshui River, how to use the technology of water and sediment regulation and control to improve the sediment condition of the river is the starting point of this paper. On the basis of extensive collection and collation of relevant documents at home and abroad, systematic understanding of the frontier in the field of sediment research and regulation of water and sediment, and drawing lessons from classical engineering cases, the paper combines with the actual situation of the current situation of the Huangshui River control. This paper puts forward the design concept of separation of clear and muddy water, and analyses and proves the water quality standard, water source, water quantity and discharge of each section of Huangshui River in the project of "clear water entering the city", and scientifically determines the scale of the project. By systematically sampling and analyzing bed sediment in Xining reach of Huangshui River for the first time, the blank of no bed sediment gradation data in Huangshui River Basin is filled. At the same time, based on the measured sediment data of hydrologic station, the main sediment sources in Xining reach of Huangshui River are studied, and the characteristics of suspended sediment, bed load sediment and channel scouring are calculated and analyzed. And then for the "clear water into the city" project design to provide full and solid sediment technical support. Among them, the quantitative analysis of the critical sediment content of the Huangshui River and the muddy water also lays a foundation for determining the water quality standard of "clear water entering the city". Based on the principle of "fit for planning, suit measures to local conditions, scientific calculation and reasonable layout", the project is designed to control suspended sediment in sediment sink through the project of sediment deposit and utilization of bed load in main channel. The combination form of the wetland fine grain sediment separation project realizes the small flow of clear water into the river to ensure the river ecological and landscape water use. Then the constant discharge high sediment water is separated into the sediment discharge corridor through the canal head separation project, and combined with the separation control project of the Beichuan River and the Nanchuan River, the goal of separating the muddy water from the Huangshui River and passing through the city with clear water is realized. When the flood season comes in, the main channel and the silt discharge corridor are combined together to ensure the flood control safety of Xining urban area. The fluidity of river water and sediment process is permanent, and the regulation of water and sediment process needs to make full use of natural laws. In essence, the regulation of water and sediment in the project of "clear water into the city" is to regulate and control the sediment transport process of the river course by establishing a certain sediment regulation capacity, to harmonize the relationship between water and sediment, to improve the water quality of the river, and to bring into play the ecological, engineering and social benefits of the project. The bedload and sediment control structures in clean water source project mainly control the hydrological cycle of the coarse part of the river sediment, while the suspended sediment control structure is aimed at the hydrological annual cycle control of the smaller part of the river sediment. However, the sediment subsidence wetland uses hydrodynamics and biochemistry of the wetland to further treat the fine sediment of the river, and takes into account the restoration of the ecological function of the river. The three functions are independent and clear, and complement each other as a whole. It provides a comprehensive solution for the water quality reduction of sediment-laden rivers.
【學位授予單位】：清華大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV85

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