【摘要】：高速水流問題歷來是高壩泄洪消能的一大難題,在面對高水頭泄洪消能的時候,無論采用哪種單一的內(nèi)消能工形式,都將會碰到一些較難以克服的困難,并且在導流洞改建時,因受到深水閘門應用條件的限制,也無法改建為兼放空洞使用,而導流洞改建為泄洪洞同時兼放空洞是許多水利水電工程建設的需要。因此針對這種情況,提出了“洞內(nèi)淹沒射流與水平旋流梯級內(nèi)消能工”這一種新型的復合式內(nèi)消能工,可以解決上述問題。該梯級內(nèi)消能工主要由第一級的淹沒射流內(nèi)消能工和第二級的水平旋流內(nèi)消能工組成,本文對其基本的流態(tài)、流速、壁面壓強、射流恢復長度、旋流洞通氣孔的通風量、旋流空腔直徑和旋流角等水力特性進行試驗量測,然后對該消能工的水力特性與消能機理進行分析,主要成果有:1.該新型梯級內(nèi)消能工,可以在保證豎井內(nèi)水位高于射流段尾水洞頂部高程情況下,模型運行過程中各部分流態(tài)均較為穩(wěn)定,可以適用于高水頭的泄洪消能。2.泄洪洞內(nèi)水流流速與壁面壓強在上游射流段與下游旋流段的各部位,均表現(xiàn)出了分區(qū)變化特點,射流孔口段與旋流阻塞段變化劇烈。旋流段空腔旋流流速分布近似符合準自由渦的分布規(guī)律。3.通氣量受下游水位變化影響明顯,尾水洞為自由出流時通氣量較大,當下游出口淹沒后通氣量明顯減小,但淹沒后隨下游水位的升高,通風量減小不明顯。4.通過射流段,消耗掉了一部分水流能量,從而降低了旋流段的作用水頭,使得一個高水頭消能問題變?yōu)橐粋�多級的中低水頭問題,使其可以應用于超過100m甚至更高水頭下的泄洪消能。該體型整體消能率占總水頭的75%～79%,其中第一級射流段占總水頭的15%～22%,第二級旋流段占總水頭的55%～62%。
[Abstract]:The problem of high speed flow has always been a difficult problem for high dam flood discharge and energy dissipation. In the face of high head flood discharge energy dissipation, no matter what kind of single internal energy dissipator is adopted, it will encounter some more difficult difficulties, and it will be difficult to overcome in the reconstruction of diversion tunnel. Because of the limitation of the application condition of the deep water gate, it is impossible to transform the diversion tunnel into a flood discharge tunnel and also to release the hole simultaneously, which is the need of many water conservancy and hydropower projects. Therefore, a new type of compound inner energy dissipator named "submerged jet and horizontal swirl cascade energy dissipator" is proposed, which can solve the above problems. The cascade inner energy dissipator is mainly composed of the first stage submerged jet energy dissipator and the second stage horizontal swirl energy dissipator. This paper deals with the basic flow pattern, velocity of flow, wall pressure, jet recovery length, ventilation rate of the ventilation hole in the swirl tunnel. The hydraulic characteristics of swirl cavity diameter and swirl angle are measured and the hydraulic characteristics and energy dissipation mechanism of the dissipator are analyzed. The main results are as follows: 1. The new cascade inner energy dissipator can ensure that the water level in the shaft is higher than the top elevation of the tail water tunnel in the jet section, and the flow pattern of each part of the model is relatively stable in the course of operation, which can be applied to flood discharge and energy dissipation at high water head. The flow velocity and wall pressure in the spillway tunnel show the characteristics of zonal variation in each part of the upstream jet section and downstream swirl section, and the jet orifice section and the swirl block section change sharply. The velocity distribution of cavity swirl in swirl section approximately accords with the distribution law of quasi-free vortex. 3. The aeration volume is obviously affected by the variation of the downstream water level, and the ventilation volume of the tail water tunnel is larger when the flow is free, and decreases obviously when the downstream outlet is submerged, but the ventilation volume does not decrease obviously with the increase of the downstream water level after the inundation. 4. Through the jet section, a part of the flow energy is consumed, which reduces the acting head of the swirl section, and makes a high head energy dissipation problem become a multistage low water head problem. It can be applied to flood discharge and energy dissipation over 100 m or higher head. The total energy dissipation rate of this type is 75% of the total water head, in which the first stage of jet accounts for 1510% of the total head of water, and the second stage of swirl accounts for 55% of the total head of water.
【學位授予單位】：西安理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TV135.2

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