【摘要】：在河道中存在堆積體大尺度堆積物時(shí),其對水流結(jié)構(gòu)的影響會(huì)較丁壩等小尺度岸邊結(jié)構(gòu)物發(fā)生明顯變化。為更深入地認(rèn)識(shí)堆積體對河道水流結(jié)構(gòu)、河床演變等的影響,通過系列水槽試驗(yàn)研究在堆積體影響下的河道3維水流結(jié)構(gòu),采用ADV測量堆積體影響河段的3維水流流速。通過分析水位及流速在橫向、縱向、垂向上的分布得出:在堆積體作用下,堆積體上游段發(fā)生壅水,堆積體段水面降低,下游逐漸恢復(fù)天然狀態(tài);斷面縱向最大流速從堆積體段逐漸偏向右岸,且逐漸向河床底部移動(dòng),往下游又逐漸上升并恢復(fù)至天然狀態(tài)。主流受收縮加速影響,越過堆積體后,呈水躍流態(tài)。受堆積體擠壓流路和水流慣性的影響,主流流速在靠近堆積體略下游位置出現(xiàn)最大值,中層和表層的橫向流速亦在堆積體下游出現(xiàn)最大值,底層的橫向流速在堆積體中心斷面出現(xiàn)最大值。橫向流速在堆積體段出現(xiàn)了正負(fù)值交替,某一水深處的流速為0,在該水深的上層,水流偏向堆積體岸流動(dòng),在該水深的下層,水流偏向右岸流動(dòng),上下層水流出現(xiàn)了反向流動(dòng),同時(shí)垂向流速在堆積體段也出現(xiàn)了正負(fù)值交替,表明在試驗(yàn)段水流呈類螺旋流流態(tài)。受堆積體作用,水流從表層到床面不等寬收縮,在堆積體段水流呈逆時(shí)針螺旋流與縱向水躍交互作用,水流呈復(fù)雜的3維狀態(tài)。
[Abstract]:When there are large scale deposits in the river channel, the influence on the flow structure is more obvious than that on the small scale shoreline structures such as spur dikes. In order to better understand the influence of accumulation body on river flow structure and river bed evolution, a series of flume experiments were conducted to study the 3D flow structure of river channel under the influence of accumulation body. ADV was used to measure the 3-D flow velocity of the channel affected by the accumulation body. By analyzing the horizontal, vertical and vertical distribution of water level and velocity, it is concluded that under the action of the accumulation body, backwater occurs in the upstream section of the accumulation body, the water surface of the accumulation body section decreases, and the downstream gradually returns to its natural state; The longitudinal maximum velocity of the cross section gradually deviates to the right bank and moves to the bottom of the river bed, then rises downstream and returns to the natural state. The main stream is affected by the acceleration of shrinkage, and after crossing the accumulation body, it appears as a water jump flow. Under the influence of the extrusion flow path and the inertia of the water flow, the maximum velocity of the mainstream velocity appeared near the lower reaches of the accumulation body, and the transverse velocity of the middle layer and the surface layer also appeared the maximum value in the lower reaches of the accumulation body. The transverse velocity of the bottom layer appears the maximum value in the central section of the accumulation body. The transverse velocity of flow alternates between positive and negative in the section of the accumulation body, and the velocity of a certain water depth is 0. In the upper layer of the water depth, the flow of water is biased towards the bank of the accumulation body, and in the lower layer of the water depth, the flow is biased to the right bank. There is reverse flow in the upper and lower layers and the vertical velocity alternates positively and negatively in the accumulation section, which indicates that the flow in the test section is spiral-like. Under the action of the accumulation body, the water flow shrinks from the surface to the bed, and the flow in the accumulation section is in the interaction of counterclockwise helical flow and longitudinal hydraulic jump, and the water flow is in a complex three-dimensional state.
【作者單位】： 四川大學(xué)水力學(xué)與山區(qū)河流開發(fā)保護(hù)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;武漢市政設(shè)計(jì)研究院成都分院;西華大學(xué)能源與動(dòng)力工程學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(50949057;51409224) 國家科技支撐計(jì)劃資助項(xiàng)目(2012BAB05B02)
【分類號】：TV143

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