【摘要】：長江流域面積1.8×106km2,人口和國民生產(chǎn)總值均超過全國的40%,是中國水資源配置的戰(zhàn)略水源地、水電開發(fā)的主要基地、連接?xùn)|中西部的"黃金水道"和珍稀水生生物的天然寶庫,在中國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展中具有重要的戰(zhàn)略地位。近些年來,在自然條件和人類活動(dòng)的雙重影響下,長江泥沙時(shí)空分布與產(chǎn)輸過程發(fā)生了重大變化,給河流開發(fā)利用與保護(hù)均帶來了顯著影響,而沿江經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)快速發(fā)展和生態(tài)文明建設(shè)不斷對(duì)長江泥沙提出調(diào)控要求。同時(shí),河流工程建設(shè)和泥沙資源化利用的發(fā)展也使長江泥沙調(diào)控具備了基本條件。但泥沙兼具災(zāi)害性與資源性,泥沙調(diào)控與河流功能發(fā)揮之間存在著矛盾與統(tǒng)一,需要深入研究。國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目"長江泥沙調(diào)控及干流河道演變與治理技術(shù)研究"以揭示長江泥沙輸移分布與河流開發(fā)及保護(hù)之間的耦合作用關(guān)系,研究提出滿足沿江經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)和生態(tài)環(huán)境需求的長江泥沙調(diào)控、河道演變與治理的基本理論和關(guān)鍵技術(shù)為總目標(biāo);重點(diǎn)研究長江泥沙來源與時(shí)空分布變異規(guī)律和趨勢(shì),河道演變對(duì)水沙輸移變化的響應(yīng)機(jī)制,控制性水利水電工程聯(lián)合運(yùn)用下長江干流和洞庭湖、鄱陽湖的水沙輸移規(guī)律,河床重塑過程與驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)制及其防洪、航運(yùn)和岸灘利用等多重效應(yīng),長江泥沙多維耦合與協(xié)同調(diào)控的理論和方法,并研發(fā)多尺度、多目標(biāo)與多過程泥沙聯(lián)合調(diào)控技術(shù)和河道治理技術(shù)。通過項(xiàng)目研究,預(yù)計(jì)將揭示多因素影響下長江來水來沙時(shí)空變異特征與趨勢(shì)、水沙輸移與河道演變的響應(yīng)機(jī)制;定量預(yù)測(cè)控制性水庫聯(lián)合運(yùn)用下長江和洞庭湖、鄱陽湖泥沙輸移與沖淤過程,揭示長江河道的重塑過程、相對(duì)平衡狀態(tài)與驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)制,闡明河流系統(tǒng)再造的防洪、航運(yùn)及岸灘利用等多重效應(yīng);構(gòu)建長江泥沙調(diào)控的理論框架,建立泥沙調(diào)控指標(biāo)體系、方法和模型;研發(fā)江河湖庫多尺度、多目標(biāo)與多過程泥沙聯(lián)合調(diào)控技術(shù)和河道綜合治理技術(shù),并予以示范。項(xiàng)目研究將推動(dòng)河流動(dòng)力學(xué)學(xué)科發(fā)展,促進(jìn)長江水沙資源利用與保護(hù),為流域社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和河流生態(tài)保護(hù)提供基礎(chǔ)保障,具有顯著的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)與環(huán)境效益。
[Abstract]:The Yangtze River Basin covers an area of 1.8 脳 106 km2, with a population and a gross national product of more than 40 percent of the country's total. It is the strategic water source for the allocation of water resources and the main base for hydropower development in China. The golden waterway connecting east, west and the natural treasure house of rare aquatic life have important strategic position in China's economic and social development. In recent years, under the dual influence of natural conditions and human activities, the temporal and spatial distribution of sediment and the process of sediment production and transportation in the Yangtze River have undergone significant changes, which have brought significant effects to the development, utilization and protection of rivers. Meanwhile, the rapid development of economy and society along the Yangtze River and the construction of ecological civilization constantly require the sediment of the Yangtze River to be regulated. At the same time, the development of river engineering construction and sediment resource utilization also provides the basic conditions for sediment control in the Yangtze River. However, sediment is both disastrous and resource. There is contradiction and unity between sediment regulation and river function, so it needs further study. The key national R & D project, "study on sediment Regulation of the Yangtze River and the Evolution and treatment Technology of main Stream Channel", reveals the coupling effect between sediment transport distribution of the Yangtze River and river development and protection. The basic theory and key technology of river channel evolution and regulation are proposed to meet the needs of economic, social and ecological environment along the Yangtze River. The variation law and trend of sediment source and space-time distribution in Yangtze River, the response mechanism of river channel evolution to water and sediment transport change, and the water and sediment transport law of controlled water conservancy and hydropower project in the main stream of Yangtze River, Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake are studied emphatically. The process and driving mechanism of riverbed remodeling and its multi-effects such as flood control, navigation and shoreline utilization, the theory and method of multi-dimensional coupling and coordinated control of Yangtze River sediment, and the development of multi-scale, Multi-objective and multi-process sediment regulation and regulation technology and river treatment technology. Through the project research, it is expected to reveal the characteristics and trends of temporal and spatial variation of water and sediment coming from the Yangtze River under the influence of many factors, and the response mechanism of water and sediment transport and channel evolution. The combined use of controlled reservoirs in lower Yangtze River and Dongting Lake, the process of sediment transport and scouring in Poyang Lake reveals the process of remolding, relative equilibrium state and driving mechanism of Yangtze River channel, and clarifies the flood control of river system reengineering. Multiple effects such as shipping and beach utilization; The theoretical framework of sediment control in the Yangtze River is constructed, the index system, method and model of sediment regulation are established, and the technology of multi-scale, multi-objective and multi-process combined control of sediment and comprehensive control of river channel are developed and demonstrated. The project research will promote the development of the subject of river dynamics, promote the utilization and protection of water and sediment resources in the Yangtze River, and provide the basic guarantee for the social and economic development and river ecological protection of the river basin, and have remarkable social, economic and environmental benefits.
【作者單位】： 長江科學(xué)院水利部江湖治理與防洪重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;四川大學(xué)水力學(xué)與山區(qū)河流開發(fā)保護(hù)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃資助項(xiàng)目(2016YFC0402300) 國家自然科學(xué)基金重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目資助(51339001)
【分類號(hào)】：TV14

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