【摘要】：本文以北票市白石水庫(kù)反向滲濾取水工程為實(shí)例，結(jié)合室內(nèi)滲流場(chǎng)模擬試驗(yàn)，并以多孔介質(zhì)地下水滲流的基本原理為指導(dǎo)，分析室內(nèi)模擬試驗(yàn)的滲流場(chǎng)形態(tài)，進(jìn)而對(duì)反向滲濾取水工程的取水量影響因素進(jìn)行分析研究。采用不同解析法對(duì)滲流場(chǎng)取水量進(jìn)行計(jì)算，并將計(jì)算結(jié)果與試驗(yàn)實(shí)際出水量進(jìn)行分析、對(duì)比。在此基礎(chǔ)上，引入Visual Modflow對(duì)北票反向滲濾取水工程的取水過(guò)程進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬，通過(guò)分析滲流場(chǎng)形態(tài)，進(jìn)行水量計(jì)算。 根據(jù)上述研究?jī)?nèi)容和步驟，得到以下結(jié)論： （1）反向滲濾取水的滲流場(chǎng)具有典型的三維飽和穩(wěn)定流特征；反向滲濾取水濾床中的地下水與河流的水力聯(lián)系比較密切，濾床中的地下水處于承壓狀態(tài)。 （2）反向滲濾取水的出水量的補(bǔ)給來(lái)源以河水的激發(fā)入滲為主，河床底部砂卵礫石層中的地下潛流補(bǔ)給次之。 （3）抽水初期的短時(shí)間內(nèi)的出水量主要由濾床砂層的靜儲(chǔ)量提供，此時(shí)滲流場(chǎng)發(fā)生極大的降深。隨著河水的激發(fā)入滲補(bǔ)給，水位降深逐漸趨于穩(wěn)定，并隨時(shí)間的持續(xù)逐漸向?yàn)V床底部擴(kuò)展。 （4）取水管在取水的同時(shí)也激發(fā)河流的入滲補(bǔ)給，導(dǎo)致在取水管附近形成一個(gè)低勢(shì)區(qū)。不管取水量有多大，越靠近取水濾管區(qū)域，則水頭降深變化范圍越大，，水力坡度越大；在遠(yuǎn)離取水濾管區(qū)域，取水的影響很小，其水力坡度很小。 （5）采用承壓非完整井單井抽水法、大口井、滲渠類(lèi)比、垂向入滲系數(shù)法及輻射井公式替換法共五種不同數(shù)學(xué)解析法對(duì)室內(nèi)模擬試驗(yàn)的滲流場(chǎng)的出水量進(jìn)行計(jì)算、對(duì)比。由于不同解析式在水文地質(zhì)參數(shù)取值上的差異性，不同解析法的計(jì)算值與實(shí)際出水量存在不同比例的差值：滲渠類(lèi)比公式計(jì)算方法的差值最大；承壓非完整井單井抽水法、大口井法、輻射井公式替換法的差值次之；垂向入滲系數(shù)法的差值最小。 （6）通過(guò)引入數(shù)值模擬方法，對(duì)北票反向滲濾取水工程取水量進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算，采用Visual Modflow軟件建立了工程區(qū)模型。通過(guò)模型空間離散、邊界概化、水文地質(zhì)參數(shù)選取、模型方案設(shè)計(jì)及其基本模型的校驗(yàn)，確定了模型在北票反向滲濾取水工程區(qū)的可靠性。在此基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)對(duì)北票反向滲濾取水工程在單硐室抽水和多硐室同時(shí)抽水下的取水量進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬方法的計(jì)算，確定數(shù)值模擬方法在滲濾取水工程取水量的計(jì)算中適用范圍較廣，計(jì)算的結(jié)果的可靠性較高。
[Abstract]:Taking the reverse percolation project of Beipiao Baishi Reservoir as an example, combined with the indoor seepage field simulation test and guided by the basic principle of porous medium groundwater seepage, the paper analyzes the seepage field pattern of the laboratory simulation test. Furthermore, the factors affecting the water intake of reverse leachate are analyzed and studied. Different analytical methods are used to calculate the water intake of seepage field, and the calculated results are compared with the experimental results. On this basis, Visual Modflow was introduced to simulate the water intake process of Beipiao reverse percolation project, and the water quantity was calculated by analyzing the seepage field shape. According to the above research contents and steps, the following conclusions are obtained: (1) the seepage field of reverse percolation has typical three-dimensional saturated steady flow characteristics; The groundwater in the reverse percolation filter is closely related to the hydraulic relation of the river, and the groundwater in the filter bed is in a confined state. (2) the main recharge source of reverse percolation is the stimulated infiltration of the river water, followed by the subsurface flow in the sand and gravel layer at the bottom of the river bed. (3) in the early stage of pumping, the water output is mainly supplied by the static reserves of the sand bed of the filter bed, at which time the seepage field is greatly reduced. The depth of water level tends to be stable and extends to the bottom of the filter bed with the stimulation and recharge of the river water. (4) the intake pipe not only intakes water, but also stimulates the infiltration and recharge of the river, which leads to the formation of a low potential area near the intake pipe. No matter how large the amount of water is, the closer it is to the area of the water filter pipe, the larger the range of the depth of water head drop is and the larger the hydraulic gradient is, and the smaller the influence of water intake is, the smaller the hydraulic gradient is when the water is far away from the area of the water intake pipe. (5) five different mathematical analytical methods, including single well pumping method, large well, canal analogy, vertical infiltration coefficient method and radiating well formula replacement method, are used to calculate the water output of seepage field in laboratory simulation test. Due to the difference of hydrogeological parameters between different analytical formulas, there are different proportions between the calculated values of different analytical methods and the actual water output: the difference value of the analogy formula of seepage canal is the largest; The difference of single well pumping method, large well method and radiation well formula replacement method is the second, and the vertical infiltration coefficient method is the least. (6) by introducing the numerical simulation method, the water intake of Beipiao reverse percolation project is simulated and the project area model is established by using Visual Modflow software. The reliability of the model in Beipiao reverse percolation project is determined by discretization of model space, generalization of boundary, selection of hydrogeological parameters, design of model scheme and verification of basic model. On this basis, through the calculation of the water intake of Beipiao reverse percolation project under the condition of single chamber pumping and multi-chamber simultaneous pumping, the numerical simulation method is carried out. The numerical simulation method is widely used in the calculation of the water intake of leachate project, and the reliability of the calculation results is high.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TV67

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