【摘要】：水力過(guò)渡過(guò)程由機(jī)組負(fù)荷發(fā)生變化引發(fā),其間管路、調(diào)壓設(shè)備以及機(jī)組聯(lián)合參與,水擊壓力波、調(diào)壓室涌波聯(lián)合作用。過(guò)渡過(guò)程的品質(zhì)直接關(guān)系電站的安全運(yùn)行和所生產(chǎn)電能的質(zhì)量。大波動(dòng)過(guò)渡過(guò)程中,管路壓力上升和機(jī)組轉(zhuǎn)速上升是最為突出的矛盾,兩者均威脅電站的安全,也是研究的重點(diǎn)。而小波動(dòng)過(guò)渡過(guò)程在電站正常運(yùn)行中頻繁發(fā)生,其調(diào)節(jié)品質(zhì)對(duì)電能質(zhì)量影響重大。過(guò)渡過(guò)程研究的意義在于為電站輸水系統(tǒng)提供設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù),并對(duì)電站的安全性和運(yùn)行的穩(wěn)定性做出評(píng)估。本文在廣泛閱讀和研究前人成果的基礎(chǔ)上,基于有壓管道的瞬變流理論,論述了過(guò)渡過(guò)程的數(shù)值解法。針對(duì)西北某長(zhǎng)距離有壓引水式電站,利用特征線(xiàn)法并結(jié)合其邊界條件,建立了有壓管道、調(diào)壓室、水輪機(jī)組的過(guò)渡過(guò)程數(shù)學(xué)模型,模擬計(jì)算了該電站過(guò)水系統(tǒng)的瞬變過(guò)程。重點(diǎn)分析了大波動(dòng)過(guò)渡過(guò)程中,機(jī)組轉(zhuǎn)速、管路壓力、調(diào)壓室涌浪的變化,同時(shí)對(duì)小波動(dòng)過(guò)渡過(guò)程的調(diào)節(jié)品質(zhì)進(jìn)行了仿真計(jì)算。據(jù)此為電站提供了合理的飛輪力矩、調(diào)壓室設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)、最優(yōu)導(dǎo)葉關(guān)閉規(guī)律以及初步整定的PID調(diào)速器參數(shù),并驗(yàn)證了其是否滿(mǎn)足規(guī)范的要求,為電站的設(shè)計(jì)、建設(shè)以及安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行提供了理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The hydraulic transition process is caused by the change of unit load, in which the pipeline, pressure regulating equipment and unit are involved, and the combined action of water hammer pressure wave and surge wave of surge chamber is obtained. The quality of the transition process is directly related to the safe operation of the power station and the quality of the electric energy produced. In the process of large wave transition, the rise of pipeline pressure and the increase of unit speed are the most prominent contradictions. Both of them threaten the safety of power station and are also the focus of the research. The small fluctuation transition occurs frequently in the normal operation of the power plant, and its regulating quality has a great influence on the power quality. The significance of the study on the transition process is to provide the design basis for the water conveyance system of the power station, and to evaluate the safety and stability of the power station. On the basis of extensive reading and study of previous achievements, this paper discusses the numerical solution of the transition process based on the transient flow theory of pressurized pipelines. Based on the characteristic line method and the boundary conditions, a mathematical model of the transient process of the pressure pipeline, surge chamber and hydraulic turbine unit is established for a long distance pressurized water diversion power station in northwest China. The transient process of the water passing system of the power station is simulated and calculated. The variation of unit speed, pipeline pressure and surge in surge chamber during the transition process of large wave fluctuation is analyzed emphatically. At the same time, the adjustment quality of small fluctuation transition process is simulated and calculated. Based on this, reasonable flywheel torque, design parameters of surge chamber, optimal guide vane closure rule and PID governor parameters are provided for the power station, and it is verified whether it meets the requirements of the specification and is the design of the power station. Construction and safe and stable operation provide the theoretical basis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北水利水電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TV74

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