【摘要】：近幾十年來(lái),中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展推動(dòng)著城市化進(jìn)程迅猛,城市生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題凸顯,一方面很多我國(guó)城市水資源匱乏且分布不均,城市地下水位下降,另一方面,城市化帶來(lái)的不透水面積增加導(dǎo)致城市雨水無(wú)法自然下滲,從而引發(fā)頻繁出現(xiàn)的城市內(nèi)澇。針對(duì)此類(lèi)城市雨洪問(wèn)題,中央提出了“海綿城市”的發(fā)展思路。雨水花園作為城市重要的“海綿體”,在國(guó)外已得到普遍運(yùn)用,而在我國(guó)起步晚,而且缺乏因地制宜的研究和成功的工程案例。城市居住小區(qū)大多具有不透水面積大、建筑密度較高、地下空間開(kāi)發(fā)利用強(qiáng)度大的特點(diǎn),這些特點(diǎn)更加制約著雨水自然下滲和綜合利用�；谶@些特點(diǎn),居住小區(qū)雨水花園的設(shè)計(jì)與營(yíng)建成為城市建設(shè)者和設(shè)計(jì)者關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。本文以灃西新城海綿城市建設(shè)為背景,以灃西新城居住小區(qū)康定和園、灃潤(rùn)和園、天福和園為例,從風(fēng)景園林學(xué)的角度出發(fā),采用文獻(xiàn)研究、調(diào)查研究、案例的研究方法,探討城市居住小區(qū)雨水花園設(shè)計(jì)與營(yíng)建方法。第一,對(duì)雨水花園概念進(jìn)行界定,并總結(jié)現(xiàn)有的雨水花園分類(lèi)方法,分析雨水花園的生態(tài)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、美學(xué)功能,梳理了雨水花園的理論基礎(chǔ),對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外成功的雨水花園案例進(jìn)行分析。第二,對(duì)灃西新城康定和園、灃潤(rùn)和園、天福和園三個(gè)小區(qū)中的雨水花園進(jìn)行案例分析,結(jié)合文獻(xiàn)研究得到灃西新城的氣候、水文、土壤、雨水利用等情況,分析小區(qū)中雨水花園的主要類(lèi)型、構(gòu)造、植物配置、景觀(guān)效果和與人的關(guān)系,對(duì)現(xiàn)狀問(wèn)題進(jìn)行總結(jié)。第三,提出了影響居住小區(qū)雨水花園設(shè)計(jì)的自然因素、人工因素和政策因素;總結(jié)場(chǎng)地的匯水模式;對(duì)研究區(qū)進(jìn)行匯水單元的劃分,共得到113個(gè)匯水單元,基于匯水單元?jiǎng)澐?將小區(qū)的場(chǎng)地類(lèi)型進(jìn)行劃分為9種類(lèi)型,分別是建筑物+綠地+道路、建筑物+廣場(chǎng)、道路+綠地、停車(chē)場(chǎng)+綠地+道路、建筑物+綠地、廣場(chǎng)+道路+綠地、建筑物+綠地+停車(chē)場(chǎng)+道路、停車(chē)場(chǎng)+廣場(chǎng)+道路+綠地、廣場(chǎng)+道路,并總結(jié)匯水單元的場(chǎng)地特征;提取每種場(chǎng)地類(lèi)型的雨水花園模式進(jìn)行分析;第四,提出雨水花園種植設(shè)計(jì)的原則和方法,總結(jié)雨水花園的植物種類(lèi)和材料應(yīng)用;討論雨水花園雨水管、雨水口、排水溝渠、溢流口和水流高差處理的細(xì)部設(shè)計(jì);根據(jù)研究提出雨水花園的設(shè)計(jì)要點(diǎn);提出材料應(yīng)用的方法和雨水花園的維護(hù)與管理要點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:In recent decades, the rapid development of China's economy has promoted the rapid process of urbanization, and the urban ecological environment problems have become prominent. On the one hand, many cities in China are short of water resources and uneven distribution, the urban groundwater level is falling, on the other hand, The increase of impervious area caused by urbanization makes Rain Water unable to infiltrate naturally, thus causing frequent urban waterlogging. In view of this kind of city rain flood problem, the central government proposed the "sponge city" the development thought. Rain Water Garden, as an important "sponge body" in the city, has been widely used abroad, but it started late in our country, and lack of local research and successful engineering cases. Most urban residential areas have the characteristics of large impervious area, high building density and high intensity of development and utilization of underground space. These characteristics restrict Rain Water's natural infiltration and comprehensive utilization. Based on these characteristics, the design and construction of Rain Water Garden in the residential district has become a concern of urban builders and designers. This paper takes the construction of sponge city in Fengxi New Town as the background, taking Kangding, Fengrun and Tianfuhe as examples, from the angle of landscape architecture, using the methods of literature research, investigation and case study. This paper discusses the design and construction method of Rain Water garden in urban residential district. First, the concept of Rain Water garden is defined, and the current classification method of Rain Water garden is summarized, and the ecological, economic and aesthetic functions of Rain Water garden are analyzed, and the theoretical basis of Rain Water garden is combed. This paper analyzes the successful case of Rain Water Garden at home and abroad. Second, a case study of Rain Water Garden in three small areas of Fengxi New Town, Kangding Garden, Fengrun Garden, Tianfu Garden, Fengxi New Town, and the use of climate, hydrology, soil, Rain Water in Fengxi New Town, combined with literature research, was made. This paper analyzes the main types, structure, plant configuration, landscape effect and relationship with people of Rain Water garden in the community, and summarizes the present situation. Thirdly, it puts forward the natural factors, artificial factors and policy factors that affect the design of Rain Water garden in the residential district, and summarizes the water catchment mode of the site. A total of 113 catchment units were obtained in the study area. Based on the division of the catchment units, the site types of the district were divided into 9 types, namely, the green road of buildings, the square of buildings, and the green space of roads. Parking lot green road, building green space, square road green space, building green space car park road, parking lot square road green space, square road, and summing up the site characteristic of water gathering unit; Rain Water garden pattern of each site type was extracted for analysis. Fourth, the principles and methods for the planting design of Rain Water garden were put forward, and the plant species and material application of Rain Water garden were summarized. This paper discusses the detailed design of Rain Water garden rainwater pipe, Rain Water entrance, drainage ditch, overflow outlet and water flow height difference treatment, puts forward the design essentials of Rain Water garden according to the study, and puts forward the methods of material application and the maintenance and management of Rain Water garden.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TV213.9;TU985.125

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