發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-31 16:56

【摘要】：實(shí)踐出真知,水利人非常重視通過實(shí)驗(yàn)和實(shí)踐來解決水利工程難題。從被列入世界文化遺產(chǎn)的都江堰,就是李冰父子通過1:1的水工模型試驗(yàn)不斷優(yōu)化和調(diào)整都江堰樞紐工程的分水魚嘴、飛沙堰、寶瓶口等設(shè)施的造型、尺寸、體量和位置,使之成為兩千多年來一直發(fā)揮著防洪灌溉效益的人類歷史上最偉大的水利工程之一。二十世紀(jì)九十年代以來,隨電腦的普及、軟硬件的升級以及各項(xiàng)性能的不斷提升,數(shù)學(xué)模型這種運(yùn)用數(shù)理邏輯方法和數(shù)學(xué)語言建構(gòu)的工程模型被利用解決各種工程技術(shù)問題,其經(jīng)濟(jì)性、可轉(zhuǎn)移性、目的性和逼真性的特征非常顯著。在研究河流的泥沙問題時(shí),現(xiàn)代越來越多的工程優(yōu)先采用了數(shù)學(xué)模型作為工具進(jìn)行應(yīng)用研究。數(shù)學(xué)模型以數(shù)值方法、函數(shù)和計(jì)算機(jī)模擬技術(shù)為手段和工具,通過對河流的數(shù)值模擬與計(jì)算,解決河流水文與水工等相關(guān)問題。本文以魯南高鐵永新特大橋?yàn)榉独?利用二維水沙數(shù)學(xué)模型作為工具模擬分析計(jì)算了跨越浚河的壅水水位和長度,模擬了橋墩附近的沖刷,為優(yōu)化主體工程設(shè)計(jì),減小防洪影響,建立了一套客觀、可信的水沙二維數(shù)學(xué)模型。本文所構(gòu)建的理論模型可靠性較高,利用了物理模型進(jìn)行了比較驗(yàn)證,模型的范圍選擇科學(xué)合理,滿足向上下游延伸3倍河寬的要求;模型的網(wǎng)格劃分采用了 Gambit軟件,最大網(wǎng)格10米,與1:2000的比例尺適應(yīng),而最小網(wǎng)格2.5米也與橋墩的體量相適應(yīng);模型邊界條件的設(shè)置、模型核心參數(shù)的選取客觀科學(xué),模型的水面線驗(yàn)證也與歷史洪水過程基本一致;最后二維水沙數(shù)學(xué)模型為防洪評價(jià)提供了 20年一遇和100年一年設(shè)計(jì)洪水橋梁建設(shè)前后的壅水高度和范圍及其變化;提供了 20年一遇和100年一年設(shè)計(jì)洪水橋梁建設(shè)前后的河床演變數(shù)據(jù),給防洪評價(jià)工作提供了有效的技術(shù)支撐。
[Abstract]:Practical knowledge, water conservancy people attach great importance to solve hydraulic engineering problems through experiment and practice. From Dujiangyan, which is listed as the world cultural heritage, is the model, size, volume and location of the Dujiangyan project's water diversion fish mouth, flying sand Weir, Baoping mouth, etc., which were continuously optimized and adjusted by Li Bing and his son through the 1:1 hydraulic model test. It has become one of the greatest water conservancy projects in the history of mankind, which has been exerting the benefits of flood control irrigation for more than two thousand years. Since the 1990s, with the popularization of computers, the upgrading of software and hardware, and the continuous improvement of various performances, mathematical models, such as engineering models constructed by mathematical logic methods and mathematical languages, have been used to solve various engineering technical problems. Its economic, transferable, purposeful and lifelike characteristics are very significant. In the study of sediment problem in rivers, more and more modern projects use mathematical models as a tool for application research. By means of numerical method, function and computer simulation technology, the mathematical model solves the problems related to river hydrology and hydraulic engineering through numerical simulation and calculation of rivers. In this paper, taking Yongxin Bridge of Southern Shandong Railway as an example, the backwater level and the length of backwater across the dredged river are simulated and calculated by using the two-dimensional mathematical model of water and sediment as a tool, and the scour near the bridge pier is simulated to optimize the design of the main project. A set of objective and reliable two-dimensional mathematical model of water and sediment is established to reduce the influence of flood control. The theoretical model constructed in this paper has high reliability and is verified by the physical model. The range of the model is scientific and reasonable and meets the requirement of extending 3 times the river width to the upper and lower reaches. Gambit software is used to mesh the model, the maximum mesh is 10 meters, which is suitable for the scale of 1: 2000, and the minimum mesh is 2.5 meters for the pier. The setting of the model boundary conditions, the selection of the core parameters of the model are objective and scientific, and the verification of the water surface line of the model is basically consistent with the historical flood process. Finally, the two-dimensional mathematical model of water and sediment provides the backwater height, range and variation before and after the design flood bridge construction in 20 years and 100 years for flood control evaluation. The evolution data of river bed before and after the bridge construction of design flood in 20 years and 100 years are provided, which provides an effective technical support for flood control evaluation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TV87

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