發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-25 13:39

【摘要】：水輪發(fā)電機(jī)組的運(yùn)行可靠性以及電力系統(tǒng)的電能質(zhì)量受水輪機(jī)調(diào)速器調(diào)節(jié)質(zhì)量的影響較大,特別對(duì)于一些中小型機(jī)組,水輪機(jī)調(diào)速器性能的優(yōu)劣,將直接關(guān)系到機(jī)組及電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。作為水輪機(jī)調(diào)速器系統(tǒng)的主要組成部分,先導(dǎo)閥部分一般采用高速開(kāi)關(guān)閥等電液伺服閥結(jié)構(gòu)。但是,目前大部分中小型水電站所采用的高速開(kāi)關(guān)閥難以實(shí)現(xiàn)大流量和高頻率響應(yīng),因此,高性能的水輪機(jī)調(diào)速器高速開(kāi)關(guān)閥研制已成為國(guó)內(nèi)外研究熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。本文以磁控形狀記憶合金(MSMA)新型智能材料作為驅(qū)動(dòng)源,研究一種既能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)水輪機(jī)調(diào)速器高頻率響應(yīng),又能夠滿足其大流量需求的高速開(kāi)關(guān)閥。MSMA是一種同時(shí)具有感知和驅(qū)動(dòng)能于一體的新型智能材料,且擁有形狀記憶效應(yīng)、超彈性效應(yīng)和抗疲勞效應(yīng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn),在精密器件制造領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用非常廣泛,這對(duì)磁控形狀記憶合金水輪機(jī)調(diào)速器高速開(kāi)關(guān)閥的研究提供了良好的基礎(chǔ)。本文的研究主要內(nèi)容如下:(1)分析總結(jié)了水輪機(jī)調(diào)速器高速開(kāi)關(guān)閥的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及磁控形狀記憶合金材料的研究情況,并結(jié)合對(duì)水輪機(jī)調(diào)速器電液隨動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的原理分析,提出將磁控形狀記憶合金高速開(kāi)關(guān)閥應(yīng)用到水輪機(jī)調(diào)速器電液隨動(dòng)系統(tǒng)中;(2)分析了磁控形狀記憶合金材料特性,選取了合適的形變恢復(fù)方法,并對(duì)材料的形變率影響因素進(jìn)行了研究,給出了MSMA的形變率與外加磁場(chǎng)、溫度之間的關(guān)系,通過(guò)幾種本構(gòu)關(guān)系模型的對(duì)比分析,選取合適的模型以緩解磁控合金的磁滯效應(yīng);(3)提出了一種基于MSMA驅(qū)動(dòng)的水輪機(jī)調(diào)速器高速開(kāi)關(guān)閥設(shè)計(jì)方案。根據(jù)實(shí)際工作參數(shù)要求,通過(guò)理論與COMOSOL仿真分析,合理設(shè)計(jì)了高速開(kāi)關(guān)閥各部件的結(jié)構(gòu)和尺寸,并選取了閥體各部件的材料;(4)搭建了實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試平臺(tái),并對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)樣機(jī)性能進(jìn)行了測(cè)試,研究了線圈匝數(shù)、電流大小對(duì)磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度和閥芯位移的影響規(guī)律,并就有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)與理論仿真數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了對(duì)比,分析了數(shù)據(jù)偏差的原因,為后續(xù)水輪機(jī)調(diào)速器高速開(kāi)關(guān)閥的結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化提供了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The reliability of turbine generator set and the power quality of power system are greatly affected by the regulating quality of hydraulic turbine governor, especially for some small and medium-sized units, the performance of hydraulic turbine governor is good and bad. It will be directly related to the safe and stable operation of the unit and power system. As the main component of hydraulic turbine governor system, the pilot valve is usually with high speed switch valve and other electro-hydraulic servo valve structure. However, at present, it is difficult to realize large flow rate and high frequency response of high speed switch valve used in most small and medium-sized hydropower stations. Therefore, the development of high speed switch valve of hydraulic turbine governor has become a hot issue at home and abroad. In this paper, a novel magnetic shape memory alloy (MSMA) smart material is used as the driving source to study the high frequency response of hydraulic turbine governor. MSMA is a new type of smart material with both sensing and driving capability, and it has the advantages of shape memory effect, hyperelastic effect and fatigue resistance effect, etc. It is widely used in the manufacture of precision devices, which provides a good basis for the research of high speed switch valve of magnetic shape memory alloy hydraulic turbine governor. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the development of high speed switch valve of hydraulic turbine governor and the research of magnetic control shape memory alloy material are summarized, and the principle of electro-hydraulic servo system of hydraulic turbine governor is analyzed. The application of magnetic shape memory alloy high speed switch valve to hydraulic servo system of hydraulic turbine governor is put forward. (2) the material characteristics of magnetic shape memory alloy are analyzed and the appropriate deformation recovery method is selected. The influence factors of the deformation rate of the material are studied, and the relationship between the deformation rate of MSMA and the external magnetic field and temperature is given, and the comparison and analysis of several constitutive relation models are carried out. A suitable model is selected to alleviate the hysteresis effect of the magnetically controlled alloy. (3) A design scheme of high speed switch valve of hydraulic turbine governor based on MSMA is proposed. According to the requirements of practical working parameters, through theoretical and COMOSOL simulation analysis, reasonable design of the structure and size of each component of the high speed switch valve, and selected the material of each component of the valve body. (4) built the experimental test platform, The performance of the experimental prototype is tested, and the influence of coil turns and current on magnetic field intensity and spool displacement is studied. The data are compared with the theoretical simulation data, and the reasons of data deviation are analyzed. It provides the foundation for the structure optimization of the high speed switch valve of the hydraulic turbine governor.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌工程學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM312

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