【摘要】：大渡河干流下游位于大渡河從山區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)入平原的沖積扇上，區(qū)域地貌形態(tài)主要表現(xiàn)為侵蝕堆積地貌，工程所在河段內(nèi)水網(wǎng)密布，分濠汊道眾多，心灘、漫灘極為發(fā)育，水流散亂，是典型的多汊灘險(xiǎn)河道，沿河兩岸工廠、居民點(diǎn)較為密集。大渡河下游電站三級低水頭梯級電站需要考慮到下游河段自然條件、防洪要求和河流開發(fā)利用條件等因素的影響，同時電站樞紐布置涉及到發(fā)電、防洪、樞紐運(yùn)行及生態(tài)保護(hù)等課題。 其中安谷水電站采取長防洪堤并結(jié)合河道疏浚方法，將復(fù)雜的分汊型河道合并為單一河道，徹底改變了原河道的地形地貌與行洪滯洪和生態(tài)環(huán)境條件，同時電站采取建閘擋水并結(jié)合長達(dá)10km以上的尾水渠的電站開發(fā)方式，在國內(nèi)外均屬于罕見的，具有重要的研究意義。本文以安谷電站樞紐為工程依托，采取理論計(jì)算，結(jié)合物理模型試驗(yàn)以及局部河段數(shù)學(xué)模型計(jì)算的方法，對河床式加長尾水渠開發(fā)方式電站的樞紐布置及相關(guān)水力學(xué)問題進(jìn)行研究。本文主要對以下內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了研究： （1）研究電站樞紐總體布置特點(diǎn)，分析采用長副壩+長尾水渠+樞紐區(qū)等的開發(fā)方式的合理性，提出合理的改進(jìn)措施。 （2）研究樞紐的消能問題，采取物理模型與水力學(xué)計(jì)算相結(jié)合的方法進(jìn)行研究，從而提出合理的消能措施方案，以達(dá)到理想的消能效果。 （3）進(jìn)行長尾水渠通航問題研究，主要包括口門區(qū)通航水流條件研究、尾水渠內(nèi)通航水流條件研究、非恒定流對通航條件的影響和船舶停泊段對通航水流條件的影響。 研究認(rèn)為，安谷這種特殊而復(fù)雜的開發(fā)方式是適應(yīng)大渡河干流下游河道的，，通過對長副壩、長尾水渠以及長泄洪渠等線型的優(yōu)化，有效解決了建壩引起的庫區(qū)淹沒，河道行洪等問題，使工程區(qū)原本不足兩年一遇的防洪標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提高至庫區(qū)2000年一遇，壩下游50年一遇，同時也有效解決了工程區(qū)的船舶通航問題，其有效通航尺度達(dá)到了內(nèi)河通航標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的V級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；同時采用單級消力池結(jié)合輔助消力墩等設(shè)施，有效解決了壩下消能的問題，避免壩下急流段與主流直接銜接。本文研究結(jié)果可為安谷水電站的建設(shè)提供技術(shù)依據(jù)和參考，同時多種方法相結(jié)合研究樞紐布置及其水力學(xué)問題的方法可為解決復(fù)雜河段建設(shè)水電站引起的一系列水力學(xué)問題提供參考。
[Abstract]:The lower reaches of the Dadu River are located on the alluvial fans of the Dadu River from the mountainous area to the plain. The regional geomorphology is mainly characterized by the erosion and accumulation of landforms, the dense water network in the river section where the project is located, the numerous river branches, the development of the heart beach and the floodplain, and the scattered flow of water. Is a typical multi-branched channel, along both sides of the river factories, residential areas are more dense. The influence of natural conditions, flood control requirements and the conditions of river exploitation and utilization should be taken into account in the third stage low head cascade power station of the downstream Dadu River power station, and the layout of the power station hub is related to power generation and flood control. Operation of the hub and ecological protection and other topics. Angu Hydropower Station adopts long flood control embankment and combined with river channel dredging method to merge the complex branched channel into a single channel, which completely changes the topographic and geomorphological features of the original channel, flood discharge, flood detention and ecological environment conditions. At the same time, it is rare at home and abroad to develop the power station with sluice and water retaining combined with tailwater canal up to 10km, which has important research significance. In this paper, based on the Angu Hydropower Station Project, the method of theoretical calculation, physical model test and mathematical model calculation of local reach is adopted. In this paper, the layout and hydraulic problems of hydropower station in river bed extended tail canal development mode are studied. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the characteristics of the overall layout of the power station hub are studied, and the reasonableness of adopting the development method of the long tail canal hub area of the long auxiliary dam is analyzed. The reasonable improvement measures are put forward. (2) the energy dissipation problem of the hub is studied, and the method of combining the physical model with the hydraulic calculation is adopted to carry out the research, and the reasonable energy dissipation measure scheme is put forward. In order to achieve the ideal energy dissipation effect. (3) study the navigation problem of the long tail canal, including the study of the navigable flow condition in the entrance area, the navigable flow condition in the tail canal, the research on the navigable flow condition in the tail canal, The influence of unsteady flow on navigable conditions and the influence of ship berthing on navigable flow conditions. It is considered that the special and complex development method of Angu is suitable for the downstream channel of the Dadu River. By optimizing the long auxiliary dam, the long tail canal and the long flood discharge channel, the reservoir area inundation caused by the dam construction is effectively solved. Problems such as river channel flood discharge have raised the flood control standard in the project area, which was originally less than two years old, to once in 2000 in the reservoir area and once in the lower reaches of the dam in 50 years. At the same time, it has also effectively solved the navigation problem of ships in the project area. At the same time, the single stage stilling pool combined with auxiliary stilling pier is used to effectively solve the problem of energy dissipation under the dam and to avoid the direct connection between the jet section under the dam and the mainstream. The results of this paper can provide technical basis and reference for the construction of Angu Hydropower Station. At the same time, many methods can be used to solve a series of hydraulics problems caused by the construction of hydropower stations in complex river reach.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV73;TV135

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