均質(zhì)土堤漫溢潰決過程試驗研究及數(shù)值模擬技術(shù)
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-08 12:49
【摘要】：堤防是最常用的工程防洪措施之一。堤防通常修筑在河道或其它水體的外圍,束縛水流,防止洪水漫溢,其中土堤由于造價低,便于就地取材,應(yīng)用最為廣泛。然而堤防工程要做到絕對安全幾乎是不可能的,不合理的設(shè)計、建造技術(shù)和材料,復(fù)雜的基礎(chǔ)條件,超標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的洪水,人為或動植物的破壞,都有可能導(dǎo)致工程措施的失效。因此堤防潰決既是洪水災(zāi)害發(fā)生的結(jié)果,也是引發(fā)洪水災(zāi)害的一個原因。土堤的漫溢潰決是一種最為常見的堤防潰決形式。開展堤防潰決過程及其影響因素等領(lǐng)域的研究,對于合理地確定堤防的防洪設(shè)計標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、評估潰堤洪水淹沒損失、制定應(yīng)急規(guī)劃方案、認(rèn)識潰口發(fā)展規(guī)律和口門區(qū)沖淤變化規(guī)律都具有十分重要的意義,并為制定潰口的快速堵復(fù)方案提供科學(xué)的依據(jù)。 潰堤具有突發(fā)性和危險性,現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測困難,現(xiàn)有實測資料較少,物理模型和數(shù)值模擬成為重要的研究手段。本文在前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合理論分析,運用概化物理模型試驗和數(shù)值模擬的方法,對非粘性和粘性均質(zhì)土堤漫溢潰決過程、潰決區(qū)域水沙運動變化及潰決洪水演進規(guī)律進行研究。主要內(nèi)容如下： (1)在彎道水槽中開展系列非粘性土堤防漫溢潰決試驗,考慮了上游河道流量、不同初始河道水位、不同筑堤材料等情況,研究潰口的垂向侵蝕、橫向展寬過程、潰口附近水流結(jié)構(gòu)特點以及內(nèi)外江水位變化過程,分析其過程特點及影響因素。 (2)進一步開展粘性土堤漫溢潰決系列試驗。試驗監(jiān)測粘性土堤防漫溢潰決的潰口發(fā)展過程、內(nèi)江水位變化過程以及潰口前的流速變化過程。通過實測資料總結(jié)了粘性土堤潰口的陡坎溯源沖刷形式、潰口橫向展寬的形式以及最終的潰口形態(tài),分析上游來流量、堤防土體的含水率以及孔隙率等因素對潰口發(fā)展以及最終形態(tài)的影響。分析堤防潰決后內(nèi)江水位以及潰口前流速的變化過程及其與潰口發(fā)展的對應(yīng)關(guān)系。 (3)建立了堤防漫溢潰決平面二維水流數(shù)學(xué)模型,采用Roe近似解算子方法求解水流數(shù)值通量,界面兩側(cè)守恒變量的重構(gòu)利用MUSCL-TVD格式,時間離散采用具有二階時間精度的預(yù)測和校正兩步格式,該方法可準(zhǔn)確模擬間斷水流。 在此基礎(chǔ)上建立以推移質(zhì)泥沙運動為主的非粘性土堤防漫溢潰決平面二維水沙數(shù)學(xué)模型。模型的基本方程通過嚴(yán)格守恒的水、沙兩相流動基本方程組推導(dǎo)而來,得到能反映河床變形項對水流運動影響的基本方程。泥沙對流通量的求解采用一階迎風(fēng)格式。通過水下部分侵蝕-水上部分坍塌模式計算潰口展寬過程。數(shù)學(xué)模型經(jīng)經(jīng)典算例和水槽試驗結(jié)果驗證。 (4)概化物理模型試驗結(jié)合數(shù)學(xué)模型計算分析,研究了不同河道水流條件以及筑堤材料特性下的潰口區(qū)域水位及潰決流量變化過程。相同的河道水流條件及筑堤材料情況下,潰決流量的大小還與初始誘導(dǎo)潰口的寬度、潰口垂向以及橫向發(fā)展情況、堤防高度等有關(guān)。 (5)比較了非粘性土堤防和粘性土堤防漫溢潰決在潰口發(fā)展過程、潰決區(qū)域水位流量過程變化及其影響因素等方面的區(qū)別。如：由于筑堤土體特性不同導(dǎo)致的水土耦合作用方式不同,非粘性土堤防潰口垂向主要以沖刷溝形式發(fā)展,粘性土堤防潰口垂向以陡坎的溯源沖刷自坡腳向坡頂；非粘性土堤防潰口展寬伴隨垂向沖深,而粘性土堤防潰口展寬在垂向沖深發(fā)展完成以后才開始出現(xiàn)；粘性土堤防潰決速度要遠(yuǎn)小于非粘性土堤防。以上潰口發(fā)展過程的特點影響了潰決流量過程。非粘性土堤防潰決流量在潰口發(fā)展的初始階段即迅速增大,達(dá)最大值后逐漸減小；粘性土堤防潰決流量在垂向沖深發(fā)展完成后后才開始突然增加。
[Abstract]:Dikes are one of the most common engineering measures. The dike is usually built on the periphery of river course or other water body to restrain water flow and prevent flood overflow. However, the absolute safety of embankment works is almost impossible, unreasonable design, construction technology and material, complex foundation conditions, ultra-standard flood, man-made or plant and plant destruction, all of which can lead to failure of engineering measures. Therefore, dike burst is not only the result of flood disaster, but also a cause of flood disaster. The overflow of embankment is one of the most common forms of embankment collapse. The study of embankment break-up process and its influencing factors is very important to reasonably determine the flood control design standard of dikes, to evaluate the flood loss of collapse flood, to set up the plan for emergency planning, to understand the law of break-up development and the law of erosion and siltation in the gate area. and provides scientific basis for establishing a rapid block-breaking complex scheme of the break-out. The dike burst has the characteristics of bursty and dangerous, the site monitoring is difficult, the existing measured data is less, the physical model and the numerical simulation become important research. In this paper, based on the previous research results, combined with the theoretical analysis, the generalized physical model test and numerical simulation method are used to study the flood-overflow process of non-adhesive and viscous homogeneous earth dikes, the movement variation of the collapse area and the law of the evolution of burst flood. Study. Main Content The following conclusions are as follows: (1) In the curve water tank, a series of non-cohesive soil embankment overflow test is carried out, considering the upstream channel flow, different initial river water level, different embankment materials, etc., and the vertical erosion and transverse erosion of the collapse are studied. The process characteristics of water flow structure near the break-up process and the change of water position inside and outside are analyzed and the process characteristics are analyzed. and influencing factors. (2) further developing cohesive soil embankment A series of tests and tests to monitor the collapse of overflow of clayey embankment, the process of water level change in Neijiang and the collapse According to the measured data, the source tracing form of steep ridge, the form of transverse widening of collapse port, and the final fracture morphology are summarized. The flow of upstream, the water content of embankment and porosity are analyzed. The changes of the water level of the inner river and the flow velocity before the collapse and the collapse of the dike are analyzed in this paper. In this paper, a mathematical model of two-dimensional water flow is established, which uses Roe approximate solution operator method to solve the numerical flux of water flow. The reconstruction of conservation variable on both sides of the interface utilizes MUSCL-TVD scheme, and the time dispersion adopts the second order time precision. the prediction and correction of the degree is in a two-step format, The discontinuous water flow can be simulated accurately. On the basis of this, a non-cohesive soil embankment dominated by bed mud sand movement is established. The basic equation of the model is derived by the strict conservation of the basic equations of the flow of water and sand, which can reflect the change of the river bed. The basic equation of the influence of the shape term on the movement of water. The solution of the flux is in the windward format. Erosion over the water-water A Mathematical Model for the Calculation of the Break-up Process in Partial Stroke Mode It is verified by the classical calculation example and the experimental results of the water tank. (4) The calculation and analysis of the mathematical model of almost all physical model tests are carried out, and the water flow conditions of different river courses and the characteristics of embankment materials are studied. In the same river flow conditions and embankment materials, the size of the collapse flow is also related to the width and collapse of the initial induced collapse. It is related to the development of embankment, the height of embankment, etc. (5) Compared with the non-cohesive soil dikes and clayey soil dikes, the collapse of embankment is in the process of burst development and the collapse area. The difference between the change of water level flow process and its influencing factors, such as the different modes of soil and water coupling caused by different soil characteristics of embankment, is mainly developed in the form of scour ditch. To the top of the slope, the collapse broadening of the non-cohesive soil embankment is accompanied by the vertical drawing depth, and the collapse broadening of the clay embankment starts to occur after the vertical drawing and deep development is completed. and the collapse speed of the cohesive soil embankment is far smaller than that of the non-cohesive soil embankment. The characteristics of the above-mentioned break-up development process affect the process of burst flow. The collapse flow rate of non-cohesive soil embankment increases rapidly at the initial stage of the collapse development, and decreases gradually after the maximum value reaches the maximum value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV871
[Abstract]:Dikes are one of the most common engineering measures. The dike is usually built on the periphery of river course or other water body to restrain water flow and prevent flood overflow. However, the absolute safety of embankment works is almost impossible, unreasonable design, construction technology and material, complex foundation conditions, ultra-standard flood, man-made or plant and plant destruction, all of which can lead to failure of engineering measures. Therefore, dike burst is not only the result of flood disaster, but also a cause of flood disaster. The overflow of embankment is one of the most common forms of embankment collapse. The study of embankment break-up process and its influencing factors is very important to reasonably determine the flood control design standard of dikes, to evaluate the flood loss of collapse flood, to set up the plan for emergency planning, to understand the law of break-up development and the law of erosion and siltation in the gate area. and provides scientific basis for establishing a rapid block-breaking complex scheme of the break-out. The dike burst has the characteristics of bursty and dangerous, the site monitoring is difficult, the existing measured data is less, the physical model and the numerical simulation become important research. In this paper, based on the previous research results, combined with the theoretical analysis, the generalized physical model test and numerical simulation method are used to study the flood-overflow process of non-adhesive and viscous homogeneous earth dikes, the movement variation of the collapse area and the law of the evolution of burst flood. Study. Main Content The following conclusions are as follows: (1) In the curve water tank, a series of non-cohesive soil embankment overflow test is carried out, considering the upstream channel flow, different initial river water level, different embankment materials, etc., and the vertical erosion and transverse erosion of the collapse are studied. The process characteristics of water flow structure near the break-up process and the change of water position inside and outside are analyzed and the process characteristics are analyzed. and influencing factors. (2) further developing cohesive soil embankment A series of tests and tests to monitor the collapse of overflow of clayey embankment, the process of water level change in Neijiang and the collapse According to the measured data, the source tracing form of steep ridge, the form of transverse widening of collapse port, and the final fracture morphology are summarized. The flow of upstream, the water content of embankment and porosity are analyzed. The changes of the water level of the inner river and the flow velocity before the collapse and the collapse of the dike are analyzed in this paper. In this paper, a mathematical model of two-dimensional water flow is established, which uses Roe approximate solution operator method to solve the numerical flux of water flow. The reconstruction of conservation variable on both sides of the interface utilizes MUSCL-TVD scheme, and the time dispersion adopts the second order time precision. the prediction and correction of the degree is in a two-step format, The discontinuous water flow can be simulated accurately. On the basis of this, a non-cohesive soil embankment dominated by bed mud sand movement is established. The basic equation of the model is derived by the strict conservation of the basic equations of the flow of water and sand, which can reflect the change of the river bed. The basic equation of the influence of the shape term on the movement of water. The solution of the flux is in the windward format. Erosion over the water-water A Mathematical Model for the Calculation of the Break-up Process in Partial Stroke Mode It is verified by the classical calculation example and the experimental results of the water tank. (4) The calculation and analysis of the mathematical model of almost all physical model tests are carried out, and the water flow conditions of different river courses and the characteristics of embankment materials are studied. In the same river flow conditions and embankment materials, the size of the collapse flow is also related to the width and collapse of the initial induced collapse. It is related to the development of embankment, the height of embankment, etc. (5) Compared with the non-cohesive soil dikes and clayey soil dikes, the collapse of embankment is in the process of burst development and the collapse area. The difference between the change of water level flow process and its influencing factors, such as the different modes of soil and water coupling caused by different soil characteristics of embankment, is mainly developed in the form of scour ditch. To the top of the slope, the collapse broadening of the non-cohesive soil embankment is accompanied by the vertical drawing depth, and the collapse broadening of the clay embankment starts to occur after the vertical drawing and deep development is completed. and the collapse speed of the cohesive soil embankment is far smaller than that of the non-cohesive soil embankment. The characteristics of the above-mentioned break-up development process affect the process of burst flow. The collapse flow rate of non-cohesive soil embankment increases rapidly at the initial stage of the collapse development, and decreases gradually after the maximum value reaches the maximum value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV871
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