【摘要】：河相關(guān)系是研究河床演變的主要方法之一,長江感潮河段的河相關(guān)系及其應(yīng)用研究不僅可以對該河段的演變發(fā)展趨勢做出預(yù)測,更可以為長江河口的系統(tǒng)整治與開發(fā)提供參考依據(jù)。然而,目前適用于潮汐河口的河相關(guān)系公式過于陳舊,有待重構(gòu),并且實(shí)際應(yīng)用時(shí)存在主要參量確定方法不明確、預(yù)測精度不高等問題,也亟需在應(yīng)用方法上進(jìn)一步研究。 本文以河床演變預(yù)測為目的,針對河相關(guān)系在長江感潮河段應(yīng)用過程中所遇到的問題,重構(gòu)竇國仁河相關(guān)系公式,分析長江感潮河段的實(shí)測地形、水文、泥沙資料,比較確定長江感潮河段河相關(guān)系主要參量的計(jì)算方法,以澄通河段為典型案例建立斷面的河相關(guān)系式,利用求得的河相關(guān)系式預(yù)測相關(guān)橫斷面斷面形態(tài)(水深、河寬、面積)對上游來水來沙變化的響應(yīng)機(jī)制,構(gòu)建了較完整的河相關(guān)系應(yīng)用方法和流程。論文的主要研究成果如下： (1)河相關(guān)系公式的重構(gòu)：從長江感潮河段受徑流和潮汐共同作用這一角度出發(fā),利用最小活動性原理結(jié)合新的水流挾沙力公式重構(gòu)竇國仁河相關(guān)系公式,建立了一個(gè)新的適用于潮汐河口的河相關(guān)系公式。 (2)河相關(guān)系主要參量計(jì)算方法的確定：借鑒河相關(guān)系相關(guān)應(yīng)用成果,結(jié)合長江感潮河段具體河道的水沙情況,計(jì)算比較得出依據(jù)斷面實(shí)際情況調(diào)整河床穩(wěn)定性系數(shù)和綜合糙率系數(shù)有助于得出更加符合實(shí)際的河相關(guān)系,并提出了一種切實(shí)可行的長江感潮河段河相關(guān)系主要參量的確定方法。 (3)河相關(guān)系的應(yīng)用：以澄通河段為研究樣區(qū),采用重構(gòu)后的河相關(guān)系公式,按照河相關(guān)系主要參量的確定方法整理實(shí)測資料,建立斷面的河相關(guān)系式,并基此預(yù)測了多種水沙變化條件下河床形態(tài)的調(diào)整趨勢。研究結(jié)果表明：三峽工程后,雖然有效地控制了下泄徑流量,但向海輸沙量正在急劇減少。當(dāng)大通年平均含沙量下降至0.05kg/m3(即大通年平均輸沙率40×106t)左右后,將導(dǎo)致澄通河段水深急劇刷深,河寬束窄及斷面面積較大幅度增加,可能引起河床的動蕩變化。
[Abstract]:Fluvial facies relationship is one of the main methods to study the evolution of river bed. The study of fluvial facies relationship and its application in the tidal section of the Yangtze River can not only predict the evolution trend of the reach. It can also provide reference for the system regulation and development of the Yangtze River estuary. However, the formula of fluvial facies relationship applied to tidal estuaries is too old and needs to be reconstructed. Moreover, there are some problems in practical application, such as the uncertainty of main parameters and the low precision of prediction, and so on, so it is necessary to further study the application methods. In this paper, aiming at the problems encountered in the application of river facies relation in the process of application of river facies relation in the tidal reach of the Yangtze River, this paper reconstructs the formula of Dou Guoren river facies relation, and analyses the measured topographic, hydrological and sediment data of the Yangtze River tidal section. This paper compares the calculation methods for determining the main parameters of the fluvial facies relationship in the tidal reach of the Yangtze River. Taking the Chengtong reach as a typical case, the river facies relation formula of the section is established, and the relevant cross section shape (water depth, river width) is predicted by the obtained river facies relation formula. The response mechanism to the change of water and sediment in the upper reaches is studied, and a more complete application method and process of river facies relationship are constructed. The main research results are as follows: (1) Reconstruction of the formula of fluvial facies relationship: from the point of view of the interaction of runoff and tide in the tidal section of the Yangtze River, Based on the principle of minimum activity and the new formula of sediment carrying capacity of water flow, a new formula of river facies relation for tidal estuaries is established. (2) the determination of the main parameters of the river facies relationship: referring to the relevant application results of the river facies relationship, combined with the water and sediment situation of the specific river channel in the Yangtze River tidal current section, The calculation and comparison show that adjusting the stability coefficient and the comprehensive roughness coefficient of the river bed according to the actual condition of the section can help to obtain a more realistic river facies relationship. A feasible method for determining the main parameters of the fluvial facies relationship in the tidal section of the Yangtze River is put forward. (3) the application of river facies relation: taking Chengtong reach as the study area, adopting the reconstructed formula of river facies relation, according to the method of determining the main parameters of river facies relation, arranging the measured data, establishing the formula of river facies relation of section. On the basis of this, the adjustment trend of river bed shape is predicted under various conditions of water and sediment change. The results show that although the discharge of runoff is effectively controlled after the three Gorges Project, the sediment discharge to the sea is decreasing sharply. When the annual average sediment content of Datong decreases to 0.05kg/m3 (i.e. the average sediment transport rate of Datong is about 40 脳 10 ~ 6 t), it will cause the water depth of Chengtong reach to brush sharply, narrow the width of the river beam and increase the cross section area by a large margin, which may lead to the turbulent change of the river bed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV147.2

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