【摘要】：隧洞建設(shè)廣泛的應(yīng)用于工程實(shí)踐中,其爆破產(chǎn)生的一氧化碳和粉塵等有害物質(zhì)嚴(yán)重危害施工人員的健康和施工設(shè)備的正常運(yùn)行。為了使隧洞內(nèi)的有害物質(zhì)濃度控制在安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值之內(nèi),需要對隧洞進(jìn)行通風(fēng)處理。因此通風(fēng)問題成為制約施工進(jìn)度的瓶頸。研究炮煙在通風(fēng)條件下的時間與空間分布規(guī)律,為通風(fēng)設(shè)計(jì)的合理性和準(zhǔn)確性提供依據(jù),有效解決工程實(shí)際問題成為研究的重中之重。引漢濟(jì)渭工程是陜西省緩解關(guān)中渭河沿線城市和工業(yè)缺水問題,而提出的由漢江調(diào)水到渭河流域的大型水利工程。椒溪河隧洞工程為穿河段,地形地質(zhì)相對復(fù)雜,采用從支洞向兩側(cè)主洞進(jìn)行開挖的施工方式,隧洞施工期的通風(fēng)問題比較嚴(yán)重。本文采用數(shù)值模擬方法對帶有支洞隧洞的通風(fēng)過程進(jìn)行模擬,得出以下主要結(jié)論:(1)采用壓入式通風(fēng)方式的隧洞,通風(fēng)后掌子面附近和支洞與主洞的交叉位置存在由多個渦流組成的渦流區(qū),當(dāng)氣體流動通道不順暢時,渦流區(qū)中的渦流大小和位置呈現(xiàn)周期性的變化。渦流的存在對爆破炮煙有一定的阻滯作用,不利于有害物質(zhì)的排散。(2)隧洞的渦流區(qū)影響爆破后產(chǎn)生的有害物質(zhì)的排散,部分CO等氣體殘留于渦流區(qū)的中心,排出過程較為緩慢,不利于施工人員的進(jìn)一步施工,影響施工進(jìn)度。根據(jù)隧洞爆破后可能產(chǎn)生的渦流區(qū)進(jìn)行針對性的通風(fēng),可以有效的排散隧洞內(nèi)的污濁空氣,提高通風(fēng)效率。(3)有害氣體的排出過程分為移動和擴(kuò)散,隨著通風(fēng)時間的增加,CO在排出的過程中,隧洞內(nèi)的CO峰值不斷降低,分布范圍逐漸增大,文章模擬和預(yù)測了隧洞內(nèi)有害物質(zhì)降低至安全濃度所需時間的規(guī)律,并給出相關(guān)的建議。(4)建立了風(fēng)管漏風(fēng)的隧洞模型,分析隧洞不同漏風(fēng)點(diǎn)的漏風(fēng)量及規(guī)律,研究風(fēng)管漏風(fēng)對隧道內(nèi)的流場和濃度場分布的影響,并對漏風(fēng)量的影響因素進(jìn)行了一定的研究。
[Abstract]:Tunnel construction is widely used in engineering practice. The harmful substances such as carbon monoxide and dust produced by blasting seriously endanger the health of construction personnel and the normal operation of construction equipment. In order to control the concentration of harmful substances in the tunnel within the safe standard value, ventilation should be carried out in the tunnel. Therefore, ventilation has become a bottleneck restricting construction progress. To study the time and space distribution of gun smoke under ventilation conditions, to provide the basis for the rationality and accuracy of ventilation design, and to effectively solve the practical problems of engineering become the most important part of the research. The Huan-Ji-Wei project is a large-scale water conservancy project from the Hanjiang River to the Weihe River basin proposed by Shaanxi Province to alleviate the water shortage in cities and industries along the Weihe River in Guanzhong. The tunnel of Jiaoxihe River is a river crossing section with relatively complicated topography and geology. The ventilation problem of the tunnel during the construction period is quite serious because of the construction mode of excavation from the branch tunnel to the main tunnel on both sides of the tunnel. In this paper, numerical simulation method is used to simulate the ventilation process of tunnel with branch tunnel. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the tunnel with pressure-in ventilation, After ventilation, there is a eddy current region in the vicinity of the palm surface and the cross position between the branch tunnel and the main hole. When the gas flow channel is not smooth, the eddy current size and position in the vortex zone change periodically. The existence of eddy current has a certain blocking effect on blasting smoke, which is not conducive to the emission of harmful substances. (2) the eddy current zone of the tunnel affects the emission of harmful substances after blasting, and some gases such as CO remain in the center of the vortex zone, and the discharge process is relatively slow. It is unfavorable to the further construction of the construction personnel and affects the progress of the construction. According to the possible eddy current zone after tunnel blasting, the ventilation can effectively disperse the dirty air in the tunnel and improve the ventilation efficiency. (3) the discharge process of harmful gas can be divided into moving and diffusing. With the increase of ventilation time, the peak value of CO in the tunnel decreases continuously, and the distribution range increases gradually. This paper simulates and predicts the law of the time required for the reduction of harmful substances to the safe concentration in the tunnel. And the relevant suggestions are given. (4) the tunnel model of air tube leakage is established, the leakage quantity and law of different air leakage points in tunnel are analyzed, and the influence of air leakage on the distribution of flow field and concentration field in tunnel is studied. The influence factors of air leakage are also studied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TV554

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