【摘要】：丁壩作為航道整治的建筑物,在實(shí)際的山區(qū)河流工程中被廣泛地使用。丁壩的修建能夠起到?jīng)_刷航深、減小近岸水流速度保護(hù)河岸的作用,但同時(shí)也會(huì)造成水流的分離和回流,使得丁壩附近水流呈現(xiàn)復(fù)雜的三維特性。采用三維水流數(shù)學(xué)模型對丁壩附近區(qū)域流場的變化進(jìn)行模擬,對航道整治工程的規(guī)劃和設(shè)計(jì)具有較重要的參考實(shí)用價(jià)值。至今為止,關(guān)于雙丁壩附近區(qū)域流場的三維數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算還比較少。因此,研究雙丁壩周圍三維水流特性具有十分重要的理論和工程意義。本文以計(jì)算流體力學(xué)的理論為基礎(chǔ),以四面體非結(jié)構(gòu)網(wǎng)格為單位離散劃分三維區(qū)域進(jìn)行建模,借助Fluent軟件將水流連續(xù)方程、動(dòng)量方程以及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的k-ε兩方程進(jìn)行聯(lián)立求解,采用有限體積法對方程進(jìn)行離散,并用PISO算法對離散后的方程組進(jìn)行求解,比較精確的模擬了雙丁壩周圍的三維水流特性,取得了以下幾方面的研究成果:(1)模擬結(jié)果表明,使用VOF方法來捕捉雙丁壩周圍自由水面線,與實(shí)際情況比較吻合,模擬效果較好;采用三維湍流模型和k-ε兩方程模型在計(jì)算三維雙丁壩周圍紊動(dòng)能和紊動(dòng)耗散率時(shí)結(jié)果比較可靠,該研究方法能夠?yàn)橄鄳?yīng)的物理模型實(shí)驗(yàn)和理論分析提供一定的理論支撐。(2)通過對VOF方法捕捉到的自由水面進(jìn)行分析處理,得到雙丁壩周圍自由水面線在壩前、壩中和壩后沿橫向的分布,以及自由水面線在主流區(qū)、中間壩頭連線所在區(qū)域和靠近左岸處沿縱向的分布。(3)借助Tecplot后處理軟件對三維模擬計(jì)算的流場進(jìn)行斷面剖分,得到不同壩長、水深和壩頭型式時(shí)的流速在壩前、壩中和壩后沿橫向的分布云圖,流速在右岸主流區(qū)、中間雙丁壩壩頭連線區(qū)域以及靠近左岸時(shí)沿縱向的變化以及流速在垂向上的分布。(4)通過Fluent軟件的后處理功能,得到紊動(dòng)能和紊動(dòng)耗散率在底層,中間層和頂層上沿橫向、縱向和垂向上的分布云圖和散點(diǎn)分布圖,通過分析得到了不同的下丁壩長度、壩間距和水深時(shí)的紊動(dòng)能和紊動(dòng)耗散率沿橫向、縱向和垂向的分布規(guī)律以及最大紊動(dòng)能和紊動(dòng)耗散率所在的位置。(5)以三維立體圖的形式形象地展現(xiàn)雙丁壩壩體上的動(dòng)水壓強(qiáng)分布云圖,通過對不同工況下的動(dòng)水壓強(qiáng)分布云圖進(jìn)行分析比較,得到了不同的下丁壩長度、挑角和初始水深時(shí)的動(dòng)水壓強(qiáng)分布規(guī)律以及最大動(dòng)水壓強(qiáng)分布位置。
[Abstract]:As a waterway regulation building, spur-dike is widely used in practical mountain river engineering. The construction of the spur dike can scour the navigation depth and reduce the velocity of the near-shore flow to protect the riverbank, but at the same time, it will also lead to the separation and reflux of the flow, which makes the flow around the dike appear complex three-dimensional characteristics. Three-dimensional flow mathematical model is used to simulate the variation of flow field in the vicinity of spur dike, which has important reference and practical value for the planning and design of waterway regulation project. Up to now, there are few three-dimensional numerical simulations about the flow field near double spur dams. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and engineering significance to study the three-dimensional flow characteristics around double spur dams. In this paper, based on the theory of computational fluid dynamics, the tetrahedron unstructured mesh is used as the unit to divide the three-dimensional region into three dimensional regions. The flow continuity equation, momentum equation and standard k- 蔚 equation are solved simultaneously by Fluent software. The finite volume method is used to discretize the equations and the PISO algorithm is used to solve the discrete equations. The three-dimensional flow characteristics around the double spur dams are simulated accurately. The following research results are obtained: (1) the simulation results show that, The VOF method is used to capture the free water surface line around the double spur dam, which is in good agreement with the actual situation, and the simulation effect is good. Three dimensional turbulence model and k- 蔚 equation model are used to calculate the turbulent energy and turbulent dissipation rate around the double spur dam. The research method can provide some theoretical support for the corresponding physical model experiments and theoretical analysis. (2) through the analysis and treatment of the free water surface captured by VOF method, the free water surface line around the double spur dam is obtained in front of the dam. The transverse distribution of the dam after the dam and the distribution of the free water surface line in the mainstream area, the middle dam head line and the longitudinal distribution near the left bank. (3) the three-dimensional simulated flow field is dissected with the help of Tecplot post-processing software. The distribution of velocity in front of the dam, along the lateral direction of the dam and at the back of the dam is obtained with different dam length, water depth and dam head type, and the velocity of velocity is in the mainstream area of the right bank. The longitudinal variation and vertical distribution of velocity in the connecting region of the middle double spur dam head and near the left bank. (4) through the post processing function of Fluent software, the turbulent energy and the turbulent dissipation rate are obtained in the bottom layer, the middle layer and the top layer along the transverse direction. The vertical and vertical distribution cloud maps and scattered point distributions are obtained by analyzing the length of the lower groin, the turbulent energy and the turbulent dissipation rate along the transverse direction of the dike, the spacing of the dike and the depth of the water. The distribution law of longitudinal and vertical direction and the location of the maximum turbulent energy and turbulent dissipation rate. (5) the distribution of hydrodynamic pressure on the double spur dam body is vividly shown in the form of three-dimensional stereogram. Through the analysis and comparison of the distribution of hydrodynamic pressure in different working conditions, the distribution of hydrodynamic pressure and the distribution of maximum hydrodynamic pressure are obtained for different dike length, angle and initial water depth.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U617.91

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