小水電代燃料CDM碳計(jì)量方法學(xué)及案例實(shí)證研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-09 11:55
【摘要】：清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制(Clean Development Mechanism, CDM)是《京都議定書》中唯一一個(gè)允許發(fā)達(dá)國家和發(fā)展中國家合作的機(jī)制,已成為應(yīng)對氣候變化的一個(gè)全球性合作機(jī)制。它有利于發(fā)展中國家向發(fā)達(dá)國家引進(jìn)資金、吸收先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)以發(fā)展本國的經(jīng)濟(jì)。 我國于2003年開始實(shí)施的小水電代燃料社會公益項(xiàng)目,產(chǎn)生了廣泛的社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)和生態(tài)效益。特別是對保護(hù)當(dāng)?shù)赝烁值睾吞烊恢脖话l(fā)揮了非常重要的作用,但是目前國際上并沒有適合小水電代燃料項(xiàng)目碳減排量的方法學(xué)。 為此,本研究在綜合分析國內(nèi)外碳計(jì)量方法的基礎(chǔ)上,立足現(xiàn)有CDM方法學(xué),提出了一個(gè)包含減少薪柴燃燒直接排放量、代燃料余電產(chǎn)生減排量和森林碳匯額外增加量三個(gè)方面的小水電代燃料項(xiàng)目CDM碳計(jì)量方法學(xué),并以貴州麻江縣富江小水電代燃料電站為案例,進(jìn)行了3種計(jì)量方法的對比分析。 利用本文提出的小水電代燃料CDM碳計(jì)量方法學(xué),計(jì)算得到：在2007年至2013年間該項(xiàng)目區(qū)居民由于使用清潔的電能而節(jié)約的燒柴量為每年1147.25t,由此減少了燃料燃燒直接排放量為9829.638tC02；該電站的余電上網(wǎng)電量產(chǎn)生的減排量為2167.19tC02；森林固碳量增加了19858.65t(馬尾松人工林)和4256.07t(柏木人工林),分別相當(dāng)于72815.04t和15605.59t二氧化碳。富江小水電代燃料電站7年間累計(jì)減排100417.46tC02。該結(jié)果遠(yuǎn)高于國內(nèi)常規(guī)水電CDM小規(guī)模(AMS-I-D)方法學(xué)的估算結(jié)果(2678.33t CO2),也與按照《小水電代燃料生態(tài)效益計(jì)算導(dǎo)則》計(jì)算出的減排量(44209.44t C02)相比,約是后者的2倍。 綜合分析這三種計(jì)量方法學(xué),AMS-I-D方法學(xué)是現(xiàn)在小規(guī)模水電CDM項(xiàng)目常用的方法學(xué),但是其直接計(jì)算清潔水電替代火電而產(chǎn)生的減排量,在用于小水電代燃料項(xiàng)目過程中,忽略了項(xiàng)目在減少薪柴燃燒釋放二氧化碳以及避免毀林、增加森林碳匯吸收方面的生態(tài)效益。《小水電代燃料生態(tài)效益計(jì)算導(dǎo)則》綜合考慮了小水電代燃料項(xiàng)目在替代燃料燃燒釋放、余電上網(wǎng)替代大電網(wǎng)中火電排放以及保護(hù)森林以增加碳吸收三個(gè)方面,但是其計(jì)算森林增加碳吸收時(shí),主要參數(shù)依據(jù)國內(nèi)部分研究結(jié)果,其在國際上推廣和應(yīng)用的適用性值得進(jìn)一步探討。 在綜合參考現(xiàn)有CDM方法學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)上提出的CDM碳計(jì)量方法學(xué),基于實(shí)際調(diào)查獲取的科研數(shù)據(jù),更有利于將我國的小水電代燃料項(xiàng)目申請成為國際上統(tǒng)一認(rèn)可的CDM項(xiàng)目,從而能夠?qū)㈨?xiàng)目所產(chǎn)生的CERs在國際碳市場上進(jìn)行碳交易。
[Abstract]:The Clean Development Mechanism (Clean Development Mechanism, CDM) is the only mechanism in the Kyoto Protocol that allows the cooperation between developed and developing countries. It has become a global cooperation mechanism to deal with climate change. It is advantageous for developing countries to introduce funds to developed countries and absorb advanced science and technology to develop their own economies. The social public welfare project of small hydropower instead of fuel has produced extensive social, economic and ecological benefits since 2003. Especially, it plays a very important role in protecting local forest land and natural vegetation. However, there is no international methodology for carbon emission reduction in small hydropower projects. Therefore, based on the comprehensive analysis of carbon metering methods at home and abroad and based on the existing CDM methodology, a new method is proposed to reduce the direct emissions from fuelwood combustion. The CDM carbon metering methodology of the small hydropower fuel replacement project from the three aspects of emission reduction and additional increase of forest carbon sink is discussed in this paper. Taking Fujiang small hydropower station in Majiang County, Guizhou Province as a case study, three metering methods are compared and analyzed. Based on the CDM carbon metering methodology proposed in this paper, the following results are obtained: from 2007 to 2013, residents in this project saved 1147.25t of firewood per year due to the use of clean electric energy, thus reducing the direct emission from fuel combustion to 9829.638tC02; The carbon sequestration of forest increased 19858.65t (Masson pine plantation) and 4256.07t (cedar plantation), which were equivalent to 72815.04t and 15605.59t carbon dioxide respectively. Fujiang small hydropower station fuel generation in seven years cumulative reduction of 100417.46 t C02. This result is much higher than that of domestic conventional CDM small-scale (AMS-I-D) methodology (2678.33 t CO2), and is about twice as much as the emission reduction (44209.44 t / C02) calculated according to the guidelines for the calculation of Ecological benefits of small Hydropower as a substitute for fuel. Comprehensive analysis of these three metering methodologies AMS-I-D methodology is currently commonly used in small-scale hydropower CDM projects, but its direct calculation of clean hydropower instead of thermal power emissions, in the process of small hydropower instead of fuel projects, Neglecting that projects are reducing carbon dioxide emissions from fuelwood burning and avoiding deforestation, The guidelines for the calculation of Ecological benefits of small Hydropower for fuel replacement take into account the combustion and release of alternative fuels from small hydropower projects, The residual electricity is used to replace thermal power emissions in large power grids and to protect forests to increase carbon sequestration. However, the main parameters are based on some domestic research results when calculating the increase of carbon absorption by forests. Its applicability in international popularization and application is worthy of further discussion. The proposed CDM carbon metering methodology based on the existing CDM methodology and the scientific research data obtained from the actual investigation are more conducive to the application of the small hydropower fuel replacement project in China as an internationally recognized CDM project. Thus, the CERs generated by the project can be traded in the international carbon market.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV212;X322
本文編號：2232297
[Abstract]:The Clean Development Mechanism (Clean Development Mechanism, CDM) is the only mechanism in the Kyoto Protocol that allows the cooperation between developed and developing countries. It has become a global cooperation mechanism to deal with climate change. It is advantageous for developing countries to introduce funds to developed countries and absorb advanced science and technology to develop their own economies. The social public welfare project of small hydropower instead of fuel has produced extensive social, economic and ecological benefits since 2003. Especially, it plays a very important role in protecting local forest land and natural vegetation. However, there is no international methodology for carbon emission reduction in small hydropower projects. Therefore, based on the comprehensive analysis of carbon metering methods at home and abroad and based on the existing CDM methodology, a new method is proposed to reduce the direct emissions from fuelwood combustion. The CDM carbon metering methodology of the small hydropower fuel replacement project from the three aspects of emission reduction and additional increase of forest carbon sink is discussed in this paper. Taking Fujiang small hydropower station in Majiang County, Guizhou Province as a case study, three metering methods are compared and analyzed. Based on the CDM carbon metering methodology proposed in this paper, the following results are obtained: from 2007 to 2013, residents in this project saved 1147.25t of firewood per year due to the use of clean electric energy, thus reducing the direct emission from fuel combustion to 9829.638tC02; The carbon sequestration of forest increased 19858.65t (Masson pine plantation) and 4256.07t (cedar plantation), which were equivalent to 72815.04t and 15605.59t carbon dioxide respectively. Fujiang small hydropower station fuel generation in seven years cumulative reduction of 100417.46 t C02. This result is much higher than that of domestic conventional CDM small-scale (AMS-I-D) methodology (2678.33 t CO2), and is about twice as much as the emission reduction (44209.44 t / C02) calculated according to the guidelines for the calculation of Ecological benefits of small Hydropower as a substitute for fuel. Comprehensive analysis of these three metering methodologies AMS-I-D methodology is currently commonly used in small-scale hydropower CDM projects, but its direct calculation of clean hydropower instead of thermal power emissions, in the process of small hydropower instead of fuel projects, Neglecting that projects are reducing carbon dioxide emissions from fuelwood burning and avoiding deforestation, The guidelines for the calculation of Ecological benefits of small Hydropower for fuel replacement take into account the combustion and release of alternative fuels from small hydropower projects, The residual electricity is used to replace thermal power emissions in large power grids and to protect forests to increase carbon sequestration. However, the main parameters are based on some domestic research results when calculating the increase of carbon absorption by forests. Its applicability in international popularization and application is worthy of further discussion. The proposed CDM carbon metering methodology based on the existing CDM methodology and the scientific research data obtained from the actual investigation are more conducive to the application of the small hydropower fuel replacement project in China as an internationally recognized CDM project. Thus, the CERs generated by the project can be traded in the international carbon market.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV212;X322
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