【摘要】：水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)作為自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,不僅提供各類生產(chǎn)和生活的基本資源要素,還是促進自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)保持穩(wěn)態(tài)和相對平衡的重要保障。大汶河流域工業(yè)化、科技化、信息化、城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展迅速,流域開發(fā)和水資源利用的力度達到前所未有的高度,水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的健康和可持續(xù)發(fā)展面臨嚴峻考驗。本次研究以大汶河流域為目標區(qū)域,采用調(diào)查與采樣結(jié)合的方法獲取數(shù)據(jù),研究了大汶河流域水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)魚類、浮游動物、浮游植物、底棲動物群落的特征,從各自的群落結(jié)構(gòu)組成、空間分布狀況以及多樣性特征、優(yōu)勢種方面做出分析;從水質(zhì)、水生魚類和河岸帶三個方面對流域的水生態(tài)健康做出較全面的評價,并以此為基礎(chǔ)構(gòu)建目標層、準則層和指標層三級組成的流域綜合評價體系。(1)在對水質(zhì)分析采用了單因子指數(shù)法、模糊數(shù)學(xué)法和綜合污染指數(shù)法三種不同的方法評價后,分析出一種較適用于本項研究的方法——綜合污染指數(shù)法并得到流域水質(zhì)結(jié)果:流域整體水質(zhì)較差,Ⅳ類水占總采樣點的33.3%;V類水占總采樣點的29.2%;劣V類水占總采樣點的37.5%。主要超標污染物為總氮、總磷和氨氮。主要受污范圍在匯河支流和大汶河南支,以及各支流交匯處附近。(2)水生生物主要以魚類為分析對象,采用WIMB和F-IBI方法,對比選取WIMB作為標準,得到流域魚類完整性結(jié)果:流域總體魚類完整性屬中等偏下,較好及以上標準采樣點和一般標準采樣點均占總采樣點的29.2%,較差及以下采樣點占41.6%。(3)河岸帶采用層次分析法確定河岸帶健康狀況:在采樣點可控范圍內(nèi),流域河岸帶整體狀況良好,沒有生境狀況極差區(qū)域。(4)流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的健康狀況結(jié)果顯示流域系統(tǒng)以IV級和V級為主,僅有8.3%的采樣點健康等級為III級�？傮w狀況較差。河流整治勢在必行。(5)基于可持續(xù)發(fā)展的理念,我國提出“科學(xué)發(fā)展觀”,強調(diào)經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展與資源環(huán)境相適應(yīng),走可持續(xù)發(fā)展道路。并于十八大將生態(tài)文明建設(shè)納入五位一體總體布局。以大汶河流域水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)評價結(jié)果為依據(jù),分析目前所面臨的水環(huán)境兩大問題,提出了流域治理與恢復(fù)的措施和流域建設(shè)科技保障,以期為今后流域發(fā)展提供思路。
[Abstract]:As an important part of natural ecosystem, water ecosystem not only provides basic resource elements for all kinds of production and life, but also ensures that natural ecosystem keeps steady state and relative balance. With the rapid development of industrialization, science and technology, information and urbanization, the development and utilization of water resources in the basin reach an unprecedented height, and the healthy and sustainable development of the water ecosystem is facing a severe test. In this study, the characteristics of fish, zooplankton, phytoplankton and benthos communities in the water ecosystem of Davin River Basin were studied by using the method of investigation and sampling. The community structure composition, spatial distribution, diversity characteristics and dominant species were analyzed, and the water quality, aquatic fish and riparian zone were comprehensively evaluated for the water ecological health of the watershed, and the ecological health of the river basin was evaluated from three aspects: water quality, aquatic fish and riparian zone. On this basis, a watershed comprehensive evaluation system composed of target layer, criterion layer and index layer is constructed. (1) after three different methods, single factor index method, fuzzy mathematics method and comprehensive pollution index method, are used to evaluate water quality. A more suitable method for this study, the comprehensive pollution index method, was analyzed and the results showed that the overall water quality of the basin was poor, that of class 鈪，

本文編號：2232086