【摘要】：水資源短缺是世界性難題,是阻礙當(dāng)前社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的主要矛盾之一。淮河流域安徽沿淮淮北地區(qū),雖毗鄰淮河,但由于區(qū)域水文特征和特殊的氣候類型,導(dǎo)致水患水旱災(zāi)害交替頻發(fā)。在現(xiàn)代水利發(fā)展的不斷建設(shè)之下,淮河流域防洪體系不斷健全和壯大,區(qū)域抵御威脅性洪水的能力逐步提高,此外隨著社會經(jīng)濟和人民生活水平的不斷提高,水資源的供需矛盾日益凸顯,旱災(zāi)對人民的生產(chǎn)生活影響愈來愈大。所以,使用合理科學(xué)的方法進行洪水資源綜合利用是緩解干旱缺水行之有效的辦法。在城西湖蓄洪區(qū)蓄滯淮河汛末洪水資源用于綜合利用的研究方案,對區(qū)域水文數(shù)據(jù)、用水資料、城西湖區(qū)天然來水、現(xiàn)狀需水和未來需水情況進行綜合分析,通過水量供需平衡方程,以時歷列表法計算并確定興利庫容和蓄水位,對比選擇合理的引淮水位置和建筑物規(guī)模,確定最終的綜合利用方案。利用數(shù)字高程模型、地學(xué)分析方法和下墊面的遙感影像數(shù)據(jù)資料、土地利用情況,采用ArcGIS軟件分析最高蓄水位下的淹沒影響。繼而利用淮河河道斷面資料及2003年淮河洪水過程線,利用MIKE 11軟件建立一維水動力模型,添加蓄水方案下的極端泄水條件,對比泄水前后洪峰水位和峰現(xiàn)時間的變化,分析方案的防洪風(fēng)險影響。最后,建立地區(qū)環(huán)境影響指標(biāo)體系,從自然生態(tài)環(huán)境影響和社會環(huán)境方向采用層次分析法評估方案對區(qū)域環(huán)境的影響。文章主要工作得出如下的研究結(jié)論：(1)建立城西湖蓄洪區(qū)洪水資源綜合利用的引蓄水方案,當(dāng)蓄水位達20.5 m時,其對周邊地區(qū)的直接供水保證率達95%以上；(2)在蓄水方案的基礎(chǔ)上,較19.5 m蓄水下的水面覆蓋增加了淹沒區(qū)域面積14.7km2,淹沒范圍里灘地屬性的土地占較高比例,淹沒損失較小；(3)極端不利條件下騰空蓄滿庫容,對淮河下游正陽關(guān)洪峰水位的影響不超過0.03 m,洪峰提前的時間不超過2h,所以蓄水后在很低的影響條件下便能恢復(fù)未蓄水條件,基本不影響城西湖蓄洪區(qū)在極端天氣和淮河較大洪水時啟用的時機。(4)蓄水方案對自然環(huán)境、社會環(huán)境的負(fù)面影響較小,正面積極影響較高,方案可行。
[Abstract]:The shortage of water resources is a worldwide problem and one of the main contradictions hindering the development of social economy. Anhui Province along the Huaihe River in the Huaihe River Basin is adjacent to the Huaihe River, but because of the regional hydrological characteristics and special climatic types, floods and droughts occur frequently alternately. In addition, with the continuous improvement of social economy and people's living standards, the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources has become increasingly prominent, and the impact of drought on people's production and living has become greater and greater. Therefore, the use of reasonable and scientific methods for comprehensive utilization of flood resources is to alleviate drought. In the research scheme of comprehensive utilization of flood resources of Huaihe River at the end of flood season stored and detained in Chengxi Lake flood storage area, the regional hydrological data, water consumption data, natural water supply in Chengxi Lake area, current water demand and future water demand are comprehensively analyzed, and the Xingli Reservoir is calculated and determined by the time-table method through the balance equation of water supply and demand. The final comprehensive utilization scheme is determined by comparing the water level of the Huaihe River diversion with the water level of the reservoir and the scale of the building. The submergence effect under the highest water level is analyzed by using the digital elevation model, the geographic analysis method, the remote sensing image data of the underlying surface, the land use situation and the ArcGIS software. According to the flood process line of Huaihe River in 2003, a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model was established by using MIKE 11 software, and the extreme discharge conditions under the storage scheme were added. The changes of peak water level and peak present time before and after discharge were compared, and the flood risk impact of the scheme was analyzed. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) Establish a comprehensive utilization scheme of flood resources in Chengxi Lake flood storage area. When the water level reaches 20.5 m, the guaranteed rate of direct water supply to the surrounding area will be above 95%. (2) On the basis of the water storage scheme, the guaranteed rate of direct water supply to the surrounding area will be above 95%. Compared with 19.5 m underwater storage, the area of submerged area increased by 14.7 km 2, and the land of beach land in the submerged area accounted for a higher proportion, and the loss of submerged area was smaller. (3) Under extremely unfavorable conditions, the effect of emptying storage capacity on flood peak water level of Zhengyangguan in the lower reaches of Huaihe River did not exceed 0.03 m, and the time of flood peak advance did not exceed 2 h. Under the condition of low influence, it can restore the condition of no water storage, and basically does not affect the time when the flood storage area of Chengxi Lake is opened in extreme weather and Huaihe River is relatively big flood. (4) The water storage scheme has less negative impact on the natural environment and social environment, and has a higher positive impact, so the scheme is feasible.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TV873;TV213.9

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