【摘要】：土地利用／土地覆被變化(LUCC)及其水文環(huán)境效應(yīng)越來(lái)越受到國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)界和各國(guó)政府的關(guān)注與重視,土壤侵蝕作為土地利用變化引發(fā)的主要環(huán)境效應(yīng)之一,是引起土地退化、水庫(kù)淤積、生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化的重要原因。對(duì)LUCC所引起的流域水沙產(chǎn)輸規(guī)律進(jìn)行定量研究,明確影響范圍與程度,對(duì)認(rèn)識(shí)人地關(guān)系,指導(dǎo)人類(lèi)活動(dòng)意義重大。 長(zhǎng)江上游地區(qū)在我國(guó)具有重要的生態(tài)地理位置,水土流失已經(jīng)成為影響當(dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)環(huán)境的重要問(wèn)題。本文以瀾滄江流域和嘉陵江李子溪流域?yàn)檠芯繉?duì)象,基于SWAT模型構(gòu)建了研究區(qū)域分布式水沙模型,對(duì)土地利用變化下流域水沙產(chǎn)輸變異規(guī)律開(kāi)展了定量研究,主要研究?jī)?nèi)容與結(jié)論如下： (1)研究了基于SWAT模型的流域分布式水沙模型構(gòu)建方法,對(duì)基于DEM的水系提取與流域劃分、水文氣象數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的建立與增補(bǔ)、土壤數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)建立、模擬方法選擇、模型參數(shù)敏感性分析與設(shè)置、模型結(jié)果輸出與分析驗(yàn)證等建模關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行了闡述,重點(diǎn)論述了SWAT模型應(yīng)用于論文所選流域時(shí)的技術(shù)方法。 (2)基于SWAT建立了瀾滄江流域分布式水沙模型,對(duì)模型進(jìn)行了率定與驗(yàn)證,率定期與驗(yàn)證期的月徑流量Ens0.79,R20.82,月泥沙量E,s0.51,R20.72,模型能較好地模擬流域水沙過(guò)程。模擬了1975年和1985年兩期土地利用下流域的土壤侵蝕量,結(jié)果表明瀾滄江的中下游地區(qū)為易受侵蝕區(qū)域。選取土壤侵蝕量變化大的5個(gè)子流域,對(duì)子流域土地利用變化與土壤侵蝕量變化進(jìn)行對(duì)照分析,結(jié)果表明子流域的土壤侵蝕量隨著森林和草地面積的增加而減少。定義了土壤侵蝕增長(zhǎng)量參數(shù)評(píng)價(jià)坡度對(duì)土壤侵蝕的影響,結(jié)果表明土壤侵蝕量隨著坡度的增加而增大,治理坡度25°的耕地對(duì)防治水土流失作用明顯。 (3)基于SWAT建立了嘉陵江李子溪流域分布式水沙模型,對(duì)模型進(jìn)行了率定與驗(yàn)證,率定期與驗(yàn)證期的日徑流量Ens0.52,R20.78,日泥沙量Ens0.51,R20.72,表明SWAT模型在中等尺度的區(qū)域上也具有良好的適用性。以李子溪流域1986年土地利用格局為基礎(chǔ),采用極端假設(shè)法對(duì)不同種植狀況下的土壤侵蝕量進(jìn)行了研究,模擬結(jié)果表明該區(qū)域種植小麥侵蝕量最小,種植紅薯、玉米和油菜侵蝕量依次遞增,混合種植的侵蝕量介于之間。研究了坡度對(duì)土壤侵蝕的影響,得出了與瀾滄江類(lèi)似的結(jié)論；模擬結(jié)果表明,單就侵蝕量而言,治理1km2坡度大于25°的耕地與治理4.1km2坡度為5～15°的耕地或者治理1.8km2坡度為15～25°的耕地效果相當(dāng)。 (4)采用情景模擬法研究了降雨與土壤對(duì)流域水沙產(chǎn)輸變異的影響,結(jié)果表明,降雨量對(duì)土地利用變化引起的侵蝕量變化具有正相關(guān)關(guān)系,降雨量越大,土地利用變化引起的侵蝕變化量也越大；對(duì)不同土壤情景的模擬表明,下墊面為黃土?xí)r土地利用變化引起的侵蝕變化量最大,以下依次是黑土、紅壤、紫色土。
[Abstract]:Land use / land cover change (LUCC) and its hydrological and environmental effects have been paid more and more attention by international academic circles and governments. As one of the main environmental effects caused by land use change, soil erosion is the cause of land degradation. Reservoir siltation, ecological environment deterioration of the important reasons. The quantitative study on the regulation of water and sediment production and transportation caused by LUCC is of great significance in understanding the relationship between man and land and guiding human activities. The upper reaches of the Yangtze River have an important ecological geographical position in China, and soil erosion has become an important problem affecting the local ecological environment. In this paper, the Lancang River Basin and the Lizixi River Basin of Jialing River are taken as the research objects. Based on the SWAT model, the regional distributed water and sediment model is constructed, and the variation law of water and sediment yield and sediment transport in the watershed under the change of land use is studied quantitatively. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) the method of constructing watershed distributed water and sediment model based on SWAT model is studied. The drainage system extraction and watershed division based on DEM and the establishment and supplement of hydrometeorological database are studied. The key links of modeling, such as the establishment of soil database, the selection of simulation methods, the sensitivity analysis and setting of model parameters, the output of model results and the validation of model results, are described. The technical methods of applying SWAT model to the selected watershed are discussed in detail. (2) based on SWAT, the distributed water and sediment model of Lancang River basin is established, and the model is determined and verified. The monthly runoff rate and monthly runoff of Ens0.79,R20.82, in the validation period are regular and verified. The model can well simulate the process of water and sediment in the watershed. The soil erosion amount in the watershed under land use in 1975 and 1985 was simulated. The results show that the middle and lower reaches of Lancang River are vulnerable to erosion. Five subbasins with large soil erosion amount were selected to compare the land use change and soil erosion change in sub-watershed. The results showed that the soil erosion decreased with the increase of forest and grassland area. The effect of slope on soil erosion is defined. The results show that the amount of soil erosion increases with the increase of slope. (3) based on SWAT, the distributed model of water and sediment in the Lizi River basin of Jialing River was established, and the model was determined and verified. The daily runoff (Ens0.52,R20.78,) daily sediment volume (Ens0.51,R20.72,) of rate periodic and verification period shows that the SWAT model is also applicable in the mesoscale area. Based on the land use pattern of Lizixi Basin in 1986, the soil erosion amount under different planting conditions was studied by extreme hypothesis method. The simulation results showed that wheat erosion was the least and sweet potato was planted in this area. The erosion amount of maize and rape increased in turn, and the erosion amount of mixed planting was between. The effects of slope on soil erosion are studied, and a conclusion similar to that of Lancang River is obtained. The effect of controlling cultivated land with 1km2 slope greater than 25 擄was equivalent to that of cultivated land with 4.1km2 slope of 5 ~ 15 擄or 1.8km2 slope of 15 ~ 25 擄. (4) the effects of rainfall and soil on variation of water and sediment yield and sediment transport in watershed were studied by using scenario simulation method. The results show that rainfall has a positive correlation with the change of erosion caused by land use change, and the larger the rainfall, the greater the change of erosion caused by land use change. The erosion change caused by land use change was the largest when the underlying surface was loess, followed by black soil, red soil and purple soil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TV14

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 王盛萍;張志強(qiáng);孫閣;張滿(mǎn)良;余新曉;;黃土高原流域土地利用變化水文動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)——以甘肅天水呂二溝流域?yàn)槔齕J];北京林業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2006年01期

2 車(chē)振海;試論土壤滲透系數(shù)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式和曲線(xiàn)圖[J];東北水利水電;1995年09期

3 吳險(xiǎn)峰,劉昌明;流域水文模型研究的若干進(jìn)展[J];地理科學(xué)進(jìn)展;2002年04期

4 王中根,劉昌明,左其亭,劉青娥;基于DEM的分布式水文模型構(gòu)建方法[J];地理科學(xué)進(jìn)展;2002年05期

5 王中根,劉昌明,黃友波;SWAT模型的原理、結(jié)構(gòu)及應(yīng)用研究[J];地理科學(xué)進(jìn)展;2003年01期

6 吳秀芹,蔡運(yùn)龍;土地利用/土地覆蓋變化與土壤侵蝕關(guān)系研究進(jìn)展[J];地理科學(xué)進(jìn)展;2003年06期

7 唐華俊;吳文斌;楊鵬;陳佑啟;Peter H.Verburg;;土地利用/土地覆被變化(LUCC)模型研究進(jìn)展[J];地理學(xué)報(bào);2009年04期

8 符素華,劉寶元;土壤侵蝕量預(yù)報(bào)模型研究進(jìn)展[J];地球科學(xué)進(jìn)展;2002年01期

9 陳宜瑜;全球變化與社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展[J];地球科學(xué)進(jìn)展;2003年01期

10 張佩芳,許建初;云南境內(nèi)瀾滄江流域土地利用時(shí)空變化特征及動(dòng)因分析[J];地球科學(xué)進(jìn)展;2003年06期

，

本文編號(hào)：2214486